Long-term memory loss and treatments essays

Short/Long-term memory misfortune and medicines expositions For my article rundown paper, I have decided to utilize section 7 The Human Memory. I have picked a few articles to sum up. Most of my data will turning out to be from Human Memory and Researchers Find Protein that Makes Long-term Memory conceivable. As indicated by our reading material, transient memory is characterized as a restricted limit store that can keep up unrehearsed data, and long haul memory is characterized as boundless limit store that can hold data over extensive timeframes. The principal article talks about the elements of transient memory misfortune, and gives a model by means of trial with mice. The subsequent article centers around the job protein plays in long haul memory. This article likewise includes an examination utilizing mice. In the primary article, they clarifies how STM works. At the point when the cerebrum shapes new momentary recollections, it makes new neurons in a district of the hippocampus called the dentate gyrus. This procedure likewise clears out the obsolete recollections, so as to fit new ones. The article at that point discusses well known, yet possibly troublesome medicines for Alzheimers malady. Patients with the ailment free cells in the hippocampus. One well known treatment is to transplant immature microorganisms into the district to supplant the dead cells. In opposition to that treatment, new work recommend that the expansion of new cells may disturb memory maintenance. Memory maintenance is upset by modifying associations between neurons in the hippocampus and by boosting the memory leeway process. (Human Memory) Richard Harvey, chief of examination at the Alzheimer's Society, says he isn't astonished that immature microorganism transplants may harm memory. Our view is that undiffere ntiated organisms offer expectation in clutters like Parkinson's, yet in Alzheimer's the issue is more to do with the system associations of neurons, transplanting new neurons could upset these systems, he says. ... <!

Lexicalization Definition and Examples

Lexicalization Definition and Examples ...Lexicalization is the way toward making a word to communicate an idea. Action word: lexicalize. Here are a few models and perceptions from specialists and different journalists: Models and Observations The OED (1989) characterizes lexicalize (1) as to acknowledge into the dictionary, or jargon, of a language, and lexicalization as the activity or procedure of lexicalizing. In this sense straightforward and complex words, local just as loanwords can be lexicalized. Subsequently, Lyons (1968:352) says that the relationship of the transitive (and causative) idea of to make somebody bite the dust is communicated by a different word, to slaughter (somebody). Characteristic et al. (1985:1525f.) confine lexicalization to words framed by word-development forms, clarifying it as the way toward making another word (a complex lexical thing) for (another) thing or thought as opposed to portraying this thing or idea in a sentence or with a reword. The utilization of words is more affordable in light of the fact that they are shorter than the relating (basic) sentences or rewords, and on the grounds that they can be all the more handily utilized as components of sentences. Accordingly one doesn' t state somebody who composes a book [...] for another person, who at that point frequently imagines it is their own work, one says professional writer rather . . ..(Hans Sauer, Lexicalization and Demotivation. Morphology: An International Handbook on Inflection and Word-Formation, ed. by Christian Lehmann, G. E. Booij, Joachim Mugdan, and Wolfgang Kesselheim. Walter de Gruyter, 2004) Lexicalization and Idioms In spite of a specific absence of accord about the importance of figure of speech, the distinguishing proof of lexicalization with idiomatization is across the board . . .. Without a doubt, as per Lehmann (2002:14) idiomatization IS lexicalization in the feeling of coming to have a place with a stock, and Moreno Cabrera (1998:214) focuses to colloquialisms as the best instances of lexicalization. Lipka (1992:97) refers to models, for example, wheelchair, pushchair, and trousersuit, which have explicit and capricious implications. Bussmann [1996] believes idiomatization to be the diachronic component of lexicalization, which happens when the first significance can never again be concluded from its individual components or the first inspiration of [a] unit must be reproduced through recorded information, as on account of neighbor, pantry, or mincemeat...Bauer distinguishes a subtype of lexicalization which he calls semantic lexicalization (1983:55-59), instancing mixes, for example, ex tortion, mincemeat, townhouse, and butterfly or subordinates, for example, uneasy, gospel, and overseer which need semantic compositionality (in light of the fact that semantic data has been either included or deducted). Antilla (1989 [1972]:151) cites models, for example, sweetmeat, nutmeat, Holy Ghost soul, widows weeds garments, and fishwife, which are morphologically straightforward however semantically hazy as cases of lexicalization. (Shrub J. Brinton and Elizabeth Closs Traugott, Lexicalization And Language Change. Cambridge University Press, 2005) It is critical to note, be that as it may, that idiomatization is just a single part of lexicalization, which is the reason the two terms ought not be utilized conversely (as is some of the time the case). Or maybe lexicalization must be viewed as the spread term for a scope of wonders, semantic and non-semantic. Bauer (1983: 49) likewise underlines that haziness is definitely not a fundamental pre-essential for lexicalization since [s]ome lexicalized structures [...] may remain splendidly straightforward, for example warmthwhich must be viewed as lexicalized in light of the fact that the addition - th can't be added synchronically to a modifier to give a noun.(Peter Hohenhaus, Lexicalization and Institutionalization. Handbook of Word-Formation, ed. by Pavol Ã… tekauer and Rochelle Lieber. Springer, 2005) Elocution: lek-si-ke-le-ZAY-evade Exchange Spellings: lexicalisation

Five-Shot Questionnaire Alcohol Screening

Five-Shot Questionnaire Alcohol Screening Addiction Alcohol Use Print Five-Shot Questionnaire Alcohol Screening Test By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 23, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on May 01, 2019 Five-Shot Test Not Accurate As Others. © Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery The five-shot questionnaire is another short, self-administered test, designed to be used in busy primary healthcare settings to recognize alcoholism in its early stages. The five-shot test is composed of two questions from the AUDIT test and three questions from the CAGE test and is designed to be a shortened version of the AUDIT test which can be administered quickly in emergency rooms or busy doctors offices. The questionnaire is short and easy to score, but it is not as accurate as other available alcohol screening tests. The five-shot questionnaire incorrectly identifies normal drinkers as hazardous drinkers 24 percent of the time. Take the Five-Shot Questionnaire Points for each answer are posted next to the answer. 1. How often do you have a drink containing alcohol? (0.0) Never(0.5) Monthly or less(1.0) Two to four times a month(1.5) Two to three times a week(2.0) Four or more times a week 2. How many drinks containing alcohol do you have on a typical day when you are drinking? (0.0) 1 or 2(0.5) 3 or 4(1.0) 5 or 6(1.5) 7 to 9(2.0) 10 or more 3. Have people annoyed you by criticizing your drinking? (0.0) No(1.0) Yes 4. Have you ever felt bad or guilty about your drinking? (0.0) No(1.0) Yes 5. Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning to steady your nerves or get rid of a hangover? (0.0) No(1.0) Yes A score of 2.5 or greater indicates possible alcohol misuse and the need for further evaluation. Contact your healthcare provider. Short quizzes with very few questions to determine a patients drinking level was designed to make a quick, initial evaluation in busy primary care offices where time constraints do not allow for a more lengthy, detailed evaluation. If the results of the short test indicate a drinking problem, the patient is usually given another appointment for a more detailed evaluation or referred to a specialist or a treatment program for further evaluation.

Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby - Parallel between Jesus of...

The Great Gatsby: Parallel between Jesus of Nazareth and Jay Gatsby In his critical essay, â€Å"The Mystery of Ungodliness†, Bryce J. Christensen writes about the parallel that F. Scott Fitzgerald creates between Jay Gatsby and Jesus of Nazareth from the New Testament of the Christian Bible. Christensen explains that Fitzgerald once wrote a letter to his friend, John Jamieson, explaining that he was going to write the story of Jay Gatsby’s youth, but he did not because he wanted to maintain the element of mystery that goes along with the novel. Christensen parallels this to the absence of any detail about the childhood and adolescence of Jesus in the New Testament. Other parallels that Christensen describes include the description of†¦show more content†¦The phrase, â€Å"son of God†, is the tifle given to Jesus of Nazareth, a man who was, indeed, â€Å"about His Father’s business†. Also, Carraway describes Gatsby’s â€Å"Platonic conception of himself,† meaning his own creation of an ideal s elf or a perfect self, while Jesus was recorded to be a perfect creation. Another parallel recorded by Christensen is the description of the moments before Gatsby’s death. In this part of the novel, Gatsby struggles as he carries his float to the pool upon which he is killed. Similarly, Jesus is depicted in a struggle to carry his cross to the mount in Golgotha, upon which He was crucified. After discussing these parallels, Christensen proposes that Fitzgerald’s parallel to Jesus is actually at odds with Christian truths. As evidence, he introduces a work by a man named Ernest Renan, whom Fitzgerald is recorded to have great admiration for. Renan’s work, titled The Life of Jesus, depicts a man that Christensen believes Jay Gatsby was modeled after. This man was â€Å"faithful to his self-created dream but scornful of the factual truth that finally crushes him and his dream,† (157). Christensen argues that Fitzgerald’s Gastby is like Renan’s Jesus in that he is self-created and that his attempted to destroy the gap between his ideal self and his real self only seems to prove that he cannot escape

Is the Surveillance Aspect of The Patriot Act Constitutional

Knowledge is power, and with that power comes control and wealth. Any government would want to obtain through surveillance all the knowledge it can about its citizens and the Patriot Act does just that. The Patriot Act came about shortly after the 9/11 when the American public looked to the government for protection against future attacks. Many in congress did not have time to read nor thoroughly debate the legislation. Numerous times in the past the United States government has placed more emphasis on security than civil liberties especially during national crisis. Most Americans think our Constitutional rights are absolute, but they would be wrong in assuming so. The passage of the Patriot Act gave the federal government greater latitude in its interpretation of those civil rights and surveillance of the American public. The â€Å"Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism† (USA Patriot Act). limits the Fourt h and First Amendment of the United States Bill of Rights for the sake of security. The Patriot Act is lengthy and encompasses many issues but its primary purpose was to protect the American Public. I will focus this paper to how the surveillance aspect affects the First Amendment, the Fourth Amendment, and collection of Metadata. In the past the United States has long and sorted history to over reacting to crisis. Their reaction usually is to suppress civil liberties in some form. For example, in 1798,Show MoreRelatedThe United States Patriot Act1533 Words   |  7 PagesKaylyn Dailey 11/27/16 Professor Carter American Gov. Term Paper Patriot Act On September 11, 2001, the Unites States suffered massive destruction caused by terrorism. Four planes were hijacked by terrorist. Nearly, three thousand lives were lost when two planes crashed into the World Trade Towers, one crashed into the Pentagon, and the final plane crashed in Pennsylvania before it could reach its final destination. An immense fear spread across the country and out of this fear came the UnitingRead MoreThe United States Patriot Act923 Words   |  4 PagesBush enacted the USA Patriot Act. George bush has been quoted Stating â€Å"Terrorism against our nation will not stand† (Jones 2) a message which was hit home by the enactment of the USA Patriot Act. The Patriot Act gives law enforcement agencies increased powers enabling them to apprehend terrorist. The USA Patriot Act was enacted by congress on October 26, 2001, with the idea that it would help a crippled nation combat terrorism. The act of terrorism which is described as the act of using violen ce toRead MoreThe Declaration Of The Patriot Act1260 Words   |  6 Pagesour own government. Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, the president at the time, George Bush, responded by passing an act. This act is known as the Patriot Act. It allows the government unlimited access to phone records, emails, and text messages without a warrant through National Security Letters and Sneak and Peak Searches. Why do they do this, why was this act passed, they claim it’s for our safety. Both can be obtained and carried out without a judge’s approval, without a warrant, andRead More The Patriot Ac Does NOT Violate Constitutional Rights Essay1213 Words   |  5 Pagesenacted a law, commonly known as The Patriot Act. This law enlarges the power of government and administration allowing them to obtain the personal records of any person of suspect in hopes of preventing any future terrorist act. Many of its provisions were going to expire in 2005, but Congress passed anoth er bill named â€Å"US PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act in 2006† to reauthorize those. The Patriot Act technically doesn’t violate any constitutional right. However there are lots of grayRead MoreDon t Tread On Me1532 Words   |  7 Pagesthe United States government and report back to the nation’s people a cliff notes text about current developments. As of this past week, the topics of Government surveillance came into light as with regards to the appeal of the 2001 Patriot Act signed into law by former President George W. Bush, and in its place designate the Freedom Act, which would delegate procedural policies and limited access to the information of citizens and non-citizens alike. The time of imminent fear has expired since theRead MoreThe Nsa s National Security Agency2363 Words   |  10 Pagescollection of metadata has been questioned on constitutional grounds. Specifically, the NSA’s program has been argued to be in violation of the Fourth Amendment of the Constitution, which states that all citizens are to be free from any unreasonable search or seizure. Proponents of the NSA’s collection of metadata believe that it is a crucial tool in preventing terrorist attacks, while opponents of the program believe that its questionable constitutional validity, along with its lack of clear successRead MoreU.s. Defense Of Homeland Security3756 Words   |  16 Pagescontroversial and powerful of these policies was the U.S.A. PATRIOT Act (Breinholt, 23-25). While the PATRIOT Act has drawn the ire of many U.S. citizens due to its far reaching effects, lack of jurisdictional or judicial boundaries, enhanced surveillance policies and direct violations to multiple constitutional amendments, under its protection, it has also been a highly successful piece of legislation with regards to both stopping and possibly deterring acts of terrorism within the United States itself (Carafano)Read MoreThe Patriot Act Suppresses Criticism of the Government Essay examples1028 Words   |  5 PagesThe most valuable aspects of individualis m is the freedom to speak and to express are feelings that is what makes us human, as President Robert F. Kennedy stated in his Day of Affirmation Address that â€Å"†¦the first element of this individual liberty is the freedom of speech: the right to express and communicate ideas, to set oneself apart from the dumb beasts of field and forest†¦Ã¢â‚¬  My family came to the U.S. because of the promises of freedom. When we were in India we could not speak ill of the politicsRead MoreThe Patriot Act Essay1618 Words   |  7 Pagesterrorist so the U.S government enacted the patriot act, which gave more power to the federal law-enforcement and intelligence gathering in suspected terrorist crimes. The patriot act gives the government power to do whatever they want for â€Å"national security† and take away the civilians civil rights. The government can tap into cell phones and listen in on conversations or even watch what people are searching on the internet. Since the passing of the patriot act racial profiling has grown in the pastRead MoreThe Usa Patriot Act, a Controversial Public Policy, Julius Taka2951 Words   |  12 PagesThe USA Patriot Act of 2001 is a controversial public policy, which greatly undermines the civil liberties and constitutional freedom of the American people. This essay will moved from an overview of the USA Patriot Act to a review of the critical literature regarding the importance of the Act to the safety of Americans and shows how the Act violates the civil rights and liberties of citizens and noncitizens alike. After presenting sufficient evidence that the Patriot Act violates many of the basic

Frankenstein and True Monster - 1064 Words

Who is the True Monster? â€Å"With great power comes great responsibility.† As clichà © as this popular Hollywood quotation may sound, it is extremely fitting to describe the situation where Dr. Frankenstein finds himself. When one has the ability, knowledge and power to create another living, breathing and thinking piece of flesh, a burden is immediately presented to whomever holds this invaluable control. Will this power be used to create horrible monstrosities that will be a form of destruction on society? Or will this knowledge be used for the betterment of the populace? Vast knowledge is extremely dangerous, because if someone believes that they have immense power, but is unable to harness it, there is the possibility that events can†¦show more content†¦After complying with the monster’s demand, Dr. Frankenstein aborts his promise when the female monster is near completion. He quickly destroys his latest creation before things get further out of hand. This is the straw that breaks the camel’s back, as soon after, the monster lashes out in uncontrollable rage. Infuriated by Dr. Frankenstein’s seemingly cruel act of indifference, the monster seeks revenge by murdering Dr. Frankenstein’s fiancà ©, Elizabeth. Elizabeth’s murder shows the undeniable parallel between the monster and Dr. Frankenstein. The monster’s only desire was to enjoy some form of companionship, but when Frankenstein denies him of this possibility, the monster becomes dedicated to destroying Dr. Frankenstein’s happiness and love in return. Dr. Frankenstein’s immense supply of knowledge not only has created a physical monster, but his knowledge has also made a monster out of himself. Dr. Frankenstein held the absolute authority over the happiness of the monster’s life, but in his own act of monstrosity, rather than using his knowledge to create contentment for an otherwise desolate creature, he takes away the one aspira tion that keeps the monster sane. While the monster and Dr. Frankenstein are vastly different creatures, it is the alarming similarities that make these characters so deeply intertwined. For one, it was Dr. Frankenstein who brought the monsterShow MoreRelatedFrankenstein the True Monster1471 Words   |  6 PagesThe Real Monster Science is a broad field which covers many aspects of everyday life and existence. Some areas of science include the study of the universe, the environment, dinosaurs, animals, and insects. Another popular science is the study of people and how they function. In Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, Dr. Victor Frankenstein is an inspiring scientist that studies the dead. He wants to be the first person to give life to a dead human being. He spends all of his time concentrating on thisRead More The True Monster in Frankenstein Essay1777 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is a monster, really? Is it really a Creature that has three eyes instead of two, with pus seeping out of every crevice in his face and an abnormally large form? Or is it someone with a mind so corrupt it rivals that of Satan? Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is a story within a story that centers on the tale of a man with an immense thirst of knowledge and a fetish to imitate the Creator. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is a lo t like the Greek mythological tale of the Greek God, Prometheus, and hisRead MoreThe True Monsters Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein961 Words   |  4 PagesThe True Monsters In Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein creates a monster whose appearance brings ineffable terror and destruction into his life. However, the monster’s appearance and actions are not an accurate representation of the monster and are influenced by many outward factors that ultimately trace back to his creator. The monster’s grotesque outward appearance acts as a mirror as it reflects the true inward qualities of Victor as well as shows the flaws and abnormalitiesRead MoreEssay on The True Monster in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1301 Words   |  6 Pages Like most horror stories, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein has a wretched monster who terrorizes and kills his victims with ease. However, the story is not as simple as it seems. One increasingly popular view of the true nature of the creature is one of understanding. This sympathetic view is often strengthened by looking at the upbringing of the creature in the harsh world in which he matures much as a child would. With no friends or even a true father, the creature can be said to be a product of societyRead MoreIn Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, the Monster Is the True Victim of the Book.1519 Words   |  7 Pagesmindset of a newborn child, one would not know the difference between right and wrong and possibly even become a victim. In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, the monster is the true victim of the book. He is abused in multiple ways, he does nothing to warrant the unjust treatment he receives and he is forced into solitude. The monster can be seen as the true victim because he is abused both verbally and physically. Firstly, when he tries to enter the De Lacey cottage to talk to the blind man andRead MoreIn the Novel Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, Victor Frankenstein Is the True Monster, Not the Creature Himself.1944 Words   |  8 PagesIn the novel Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, Victor Frankenstein is the true monster, not the creature himself. Victor Frankenstein grew up in Geneva. He had a strong interest in reading the works of the ancient and outdated alchemists, and was fascinated by science and the secret of life. One day he decided that he wanted to study further, so Victor actually created a person of his own out of old body parts and strange chemicals. When the creature came to life, he was a hideously ugly beastRead MoreThe Duality of Man: Connections Between Victor and the Monster in Frankenstein1631 Words   |  7 Pages The classic gothic novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley details the relationship between two significant figures, Victor Frankenstein, and his unnamed monster. The critical relationship between such characters causes many literary critics to compose the idea that they are bound by nature – inadvertently becoming a single central figure (Spark). This provides provoking thoughts on the duality of mankind, revealing the wickedness of human nature. The role of the monster as an alter ego to V ictor isRead MoreMary Shelleys Frankenstein: A Gothic Novel1595 Words   |  7 Pages Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein is one of the greatest Gothic novels to come out during the Romantic Period. Frankenstein is a prime example of what a Gothic novel should present to its reader through the genre’s twisted themes. Even though it was written in the Romantic period, Mary Shelley still wrote Frankenstein to be a Gothic work of literature. Many characteristics of Gothic novel can be seen within this novel. Mary Shelley’s outstanding novel Frankenstein is a prime example of a Gothic novelRead MoreA Transformation from Gracious to Malicious1072 Words   |  5 Pagesthem. Mary Shelley’s novel, Frankenstein, portrays this concept. Frankenstein’s monster treats humans kindly - refuting the stereotype that all monsters are evil. In this novel, the monster is kind towards mankind until society criticizes him and turns him into a malicious creature. The monster that Frankenstein creates has kind-hearted morals, but because society harms him based on his hideous appearance. Because of his treatment, he transforms into a murderous monster, pointing to the destructiveRead MoreAn Analysis Of Frankenstein And The Monster 857 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the novel, Frankenstein, Walton and the monster each yearn for a true friendship to either fall back on during times of misery, to console with, or to learn from. Indeed, the significance of the friendship in Shelly’s novel is the balancing and completing agent of life. With friendship, blessings are multiplied and misfortunes are minimized. Without friendship, life is just a chain of desolation. The first blessing of friendship is trust. Indeed, friendship gives others the feeling of

Identification of the risk in the GYM-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Question: Develop Risk Management Options for Gym by Considering It as a Business College is Australian College of Sports and Fitness. Answer: Identification of the risk In identifying the risk in the gym and fitness center, the first method is to identify the potential areas from where the probable risk can get originated (Pritchand PMP, 2014). Interview and SWOT analysis are being initiated in order to identify the probable risk of the Australian college of sports and fitness. SWOT analysis is being used in order to identify the potential threats and weaknesses of the organizations (Raspotnig Opadahl, 2013). Interview method is being used in order to gather the response from the users and the trainers in the fitness center regarding the potential areas of risk. Identified weaknesses Some of their gym equipments are quite older compared to the new age tools used. Thus, risk related to the injury of the users from the older equipments is more. Currently they are not having any branch apart from their main center. Thus, the market presence is less compared to their competitors. Identified threats New age gym centers are providing various added facilities along with providing better equipments. This is attracting more customers compared to Australian college of sports and fitness. Thus, probability of financial risk is more (Christoffersen, 2012). This organization is not having proper and up to date facilities and ambience for their users compared to their competitors. Thus, risk of negative word of mouth from the existing users is more along with having the risk of delay in providing proper medical care in case of any mishaps. Classifications of risks identified Operational risk: One of the key risks identified is the operational risk. This is due to the reason that, in the above analysis, it is being identified that Australian school of sports and fitness is having inferior quality equipments compared to their competitors (Lam, 2013). Thus, chance of operational risk is there due to the probability of accidents due to the equipments. Safety risk: Another identified risk is the safety risk. This is due to the reason that, fitness and gym centers are directly related to the safety of the users. There may have accidents from the gym equipments, which will prove safety risk for the users. Technical risk: Technical risk is also relevant and identified due to the reason that, machineries and tools can have technical issues at any time (McNeil, Frey Embrechts, 2015). Thus, technical risks are being associated with the fitness center. Cost risk: Cost risk is also being associated with this fitness center due to the reason that, origination of the negative word of mouth from the existing customers will have negative impact on their business potentiality (Khodakarami Abdi, 2014). Thus, they will lose new customers along with the reduction in the generation of revenue. Risk assessment Probability Impact Identified risk Minor Moderate Major Extreme Associated stakeholders Operational risk Rare Low Low Low Medium Customers and trainers. Safety risk Moderate Low Low Medium Medium Customers and trainers Technical risk Likely Low Medium Medium High Trainers and other internal stakeholders Cost risk Very likely Medium Medium Medium High Senior internal management Low Medium High Risk assessment analysis From the above assessment of the identified risks, it is being seen that in majority of the cases, both the internal and external stakeholders are being involved. Probability of operational risk is rare due to the reason that, periodic maintenance of the equipments is being carried out. However, there is a moderate chance of having extreme impact on the organization due to its more impact area (Li, 2014). Safety risks are having moderate chance of occurrence due to the reason that, safety cannot be effectively and wholly initiated. However, it is not having high impact due to the reason that, safety and health are being taken care of in this fitness center. Technical risk is having more chance of occurrence due to presence of the tools and machineries in the gym center. Moreover, it is having risk of extreme impact due to the reason that, origination of the safety issues may have huge implications on the internal stakeholders. Probability of the cost risk is also high due to the reas on that, in the current business scenario, they are having huge number of competitors and thus, reduction in revenue generation can happen anytime. Risk treatment options There are various options available for the risk treatment such as avoidance, reduction and acceptance. Avoidance refers to the process of avoiding the probable areas of origination of the risk in the organization. Australian school of sport and fitness can avoid the use of the older equipments in order to avoid the associated risks. Reduction refers to the mitigation of the originated risk. In this case, they can provide proper first aid facility in order to reduce the impact of the safety hazard. Acceptance refers to the retention of the risk that cannot be mitigated or prevented in the business (Menoni et al., 2012). Australian school of sports and fitness should accept the fact that safety risks will be there no matter how much precautions will be initiated. Evaluation and monitoring of the risk management The first step in evaluating the risk management is to identify the key issues, which will be mitigated by the implementation of the risk management. It is will help in further steps to monitor whether the issues are being mitigated or not. The next step involves comparing the outcome of the risk management with that of the expected objectives. This will help to identify the effectiveness of the risk management in the organization. The next step is to identify the external business environment. This is due to the reason that in the current business scenario, business scenario change is rapidly occurring. Thus, the change in the business scenario should be effectively identified in order to modify the policies accordingly. The next step is to modify the existing risk management plan according to the change in the current business scenario. This will help to enhance the effectiveness of the risk management along with adhering effectively to the change in the external environment. The last step is to review the modified risk management with that of the current state of affairs. This will help to identify the weaknesses and effectiveness of the raisk management. References Christoffersen, P. F. (2012).Elements of financial risk management. Academic Press. Khodakarami, V., Abdi, A. (2014). Project cost risk analysis: A Bayesian networks approach for modeling dependencies between cost items.International Journal of Project Management,32(7), 1233-1245. Lam, J. (2013). Operational Risk Management.Enterprise Risk Management: From Incentives to Controls, Second Edition, 237-270. Li, W. (2014).Risk assessment of power systems: models, methods, and applications. John Wiley Sons. McNeil, A. J., Frey, R., Embrechts, P. (2015).Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Menoni, S., Molinari, D., Parker, D., Ballio, F., Tapsell, S. (2012). Assessing multifaceted vulnerability and resilience in order to design risk-mitigation strategies.Natural Hazards,64(3), 2057-2082. Pritchard, C. L., PMP, P. R. (2014).Risk management: concepts and guidance. CRC Press. Raspotnig, C., Opdahl, A. (2013). Comparing risk identification techniques for safety and security requirements.Journal of Systems and Software,86(4), 1124-1151.

The general environment includes Demographic Trends Essay Example

The general environment includes Demographic Trends Paper The populations of aging persons increased with geographic locations like the southern warmer states due to retirement age people migrating south. In socio-cultural, being aware of and working cultural variances of local society can help companies prepare and adapt for the future, and changes in local society can create opportunities for the company. Also beware that this is a threat to a companys growth if not monitored. Just like Education levels, Crime Levels per the population ratio and environmental friendly sections of the region. Economic factors also can influence demand for products and services. This Will dictate if it is a want or need, and the costs of producing and providing them, such as interest, Inflation and so on. The technological also cover creation, innovation and technological forecasting. Creating is an idea with profitable potential. Inventing a new product that can or will be produced and sold and monitoring technological advances in industry trends and being able to adjust and react quickly to the change. For business strategic decision, in political and legal forces, the government can control the economy, encourage new business formation, force restructurings, close or punish companies. There is global trend toward deregulation and prevarication. But for different industries, Industries differ in the degree to which political and legal forces exert influence, like wind power energy, tobacco, etc. The global influence is intricate part as it assists in deciding if a company will face the world market or not. The increasing power of the European market and the purchasing power of the Euro will affect any market worldwide. We will write a custom essay sample on The general environment includes Demographic Trends specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The general environment includes Demographic Trends specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The general environment includes Demographic Trends specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer All the above are how the environmental factors can and will affects a business strategic decision and the way business is conducted on a daily basis. Explain the differences between value-based pricing and cost-based pricing. Businesses have methods by which to price their products and/or SE;ices. Value-based pricing and cost-based pricing are two common types companies use to promote goods and services. Having the optimal prices is the way to effective marketing as well as to long-term profitability and success. Both of approaches have pros and cons relative to the other. When a company uses cost-based pricing the company sets a price at a percentage above the cost of production of the product or to provide the service. Value-based pricing sakes an approach differently by considering the potential value the product or service will bring to its customers. Value-Based Pricing A value-based pricing company considers the value of its product or service instead of the cost the company ensues to create and produce it. To do this, the company must determine how much money or value the product or service will create for the customer. This value could originate from factors such as increased efficiency, well being or stability. Companies or individuals that produce medications, chemicals, software and artwork often use this pricing strategy. Cost-Based Pricing Cost-based pricing uses manufacturing or production costs as its basis for pricing. The cost-based pricing company uses its costs of start to finish for finding a price bottom and a price roof. The bottom and the roof are the minimum and maximum prices the product or service; they serve as a price range. If the market conditions are such that the going competitive price is under the bottom price, the company may price at the bottom or attempt to lower its costs to lower the overall price. But ideally, the company should price somewhere in between the bottom and roof. Many companies that reduce in mass quantities use this pricing strategy, such as companies that produce clothing, food products and building materials. Focus Cost-based pricing focuses on the companys situation when determining price. In contrast, value-based pricing focuses on the customers when determining price. A value-based pricing company develops a means by which to calculate the potential value their product or service may bring customers and prices accordingly. Some companies use computer software to determine the value a product or service can offer. Prices When a company uses cost-based pricing, it prices between the price bottom ND the price roof. The market conditions dictate where, between the bottom and the roof, the company sets its pricing. If it uses value-based prices, the company sets its pricing in a range determined by what customers are willing to pay. Generally, the value-based price is higher. Benefits Cost-based pricing generally results in competitive prices. Companies that use this strategy may attract consumers who are looking for inexpensive products and services. The major benefit of a value-based pricing model is the ability to set prices that you know will attract buyers. This generally results from horrors market research. Value-based pricing companies often earn high profits on each item sold, but some consumers may not be willing to pay the high price and purchase from a competitor. Ways that the Elevation Burger Franchise could help and even entities franchisees during a recession: 1. Defer royalties. Thats defer, not forgive. Get a lien to secure the royalties that will be owed once the economy rebounds. 2. Focus on your core business. What attracts new customers and keeps existing customers? Do more of that! Many businesses are simply off track right now. Should you introduce new concepts? Yes, if they make sense now. But if they come at a cost, youve got to ask if the franchisees can afford them. Otherwise, stick with your core business. 3. Get creative with advertising credits. If franchisees are supposed to spend X per month on advertising, encourage them to do more guerrilla marketing. For example, if a franchisee pays an employee to wear a mascot outfit and stand out on the curb and wave in customers, give the franchisee advertising credit, and be liberal. Depending on the industry and circumstances, its almost always a mistake to reduce advertising -? too late for some franchisers. . Renegotiate supply contracts. It wont come as a surprise to your vendors that times are tough and franchisees need some help. Those who think long-term will be willing to rework their numbers now to keep your business when the economy improves. 5. Renegotiate leases. You may not be in a position to step in directly, but you can help franchisees renegotiate with landlords. Many landlords are working with tenants to provide relief; they are not forgiving rents, but they are adding money to the back end of leases. Chances are, your franchisees dont know how to begin that negotiation. Help them! Look at other leases, too. 6. Provide economic coaching. Insist on getting the franchises financial and walk through the numbers with the franchisee. This exercise alone is likely to produce several areas of potential improvement. Show franchisees where to cut and conserve, where to outsource, and how to do more with less for the time being. 7. Work with the banks. Now more than ever your franchisees need you to help them make a good case in front of their bankers. Step up and create presentations that will help wow bankers and other investors. Lenders need to know the franchiser s committed to the business and to the franchisees. 8. Stay calm. If you get emotional, the franchisee will get emotional, too. Even if the franchisee is already emotional, youve got to remain calm and set the example for the franchisee. One of your jobs is to lead. Your job is not to react. In business you will not be able to accommodate everyone but if you can appeal to the masses you will be successful. You must keep in mind that money is a huge stress for everyone no matter the situation so if you can alleviate some of the stress it will benefit all involved. Being a leader in stressful situations is he key to any success being shared with the entire franchise. Not all franchisees will react the same but when they are all still in business many months later they will be happy. The big thing as a franchiser to remember is that you are the boss and you are not in a democracy and if you see for the better on the franchise then make is so. DO not give in to pressure and stand your ground.

Themis the Goddess of Justice

Themis the Goddess of Justice Justice is blind. Themis, in Greek mythology, was the personification of divine or natural law, order, and justice. Her name means justice. She was worshipped as a goddess in Athens. Themis was also credited with wisdom and foresight or prophecy (her sons name, Prometheus, means foresight), and with knowing secrets unknown even to Zeus. She was also known as a protector of the oppressed and a protector of hospitality. Law and Order? The law and order which Themis protected was in the sense of natural order or law, what was proper especially related to family or the community. Such customs were perceived as natural in origin, though would today be seen as cultural or social constructs. In Greek, themis referred to divine or natural law, while nomoi to laws created by people and communities. Images of Themis: Themis was depicted as a beautiful woman, sometimes blind with a bandage over her eyes, and holding a pair of scales in one hand, a sword or cornucopia in the other. A similar image was used for the Roman goddess Iustitia (Justitia or Lady Justice). The images of Themis or Lady Justice blindfolded is more common by the 16th century C.E.; seen as gifted with prophecy, thered be no need for her to be blindfolded. Nemesis and Themis shared a temple at Rhamnous. The idea was that when Themis (divine or natural law) was ignored, then Nemesis would go into action, as the goddess of retribution against those who committed hubris (arrogance) in rejecting divine law and order. Parentage of Themis: Themis was one of the Titans, a daughter of Uranus (the heavens) and Gaia (the earth). Offspring of Themis: Themis was a consort or wife of Zeus after Metis. Their offspring were the Fates (Moirai or Moerae or Parcae) and the Hours (Horae) or Seasons. Some myths also identify as their offspring Astraea (another personification of justice), nymphs of the Eridanus River, and the Hesperides. By her Titan husband Iapetus, Themis was said to be the mother of Prometheus (foresight), and she gave him the knowledge that helped him to escape the punishment of Zeus. (In some myths, the mother of Prometheus was Clymene.) Dike, another goddess of justice, said to be one of the daughters of Themis, in early Greek depictions would carry out the decisions of the Fates, decisions which were above the influence even of the gods. Themis and Delphi Themis followed her mother Gaia in occupying the Oracle at Delphi. Some say that Themis originated the Oracle. Themis eventually turned over the Delphic office some say to her sister Phoebe, others say to Apollo. Themis and the First Humans In Ovids telling, Themis helped Deucalion and Pyrrha, the first human beings, learn how to re-populate the earth after the great worldwide flood. Apples of the Hesperides In the story of Perseus, Atlas refused to help Perseus because Themis had warned Atlas that Zeus would try to steal the golden apples of the Hesperides.

Hate Speech Phenomenon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hate Speech Phenomenon - Essay Example There is a consensus among the leaders of the international community that hate speech needs to be prohibited by law but the compatibility of the hate speech legislation and the free speech laws is yet to be established. A large majority of people support legislation against hate speech but there are other perspectives as well. The adversaries to the legislation against hate speech present freedom of speech as the strongest argument however there are other arguments besides this. According to some people hate speech should be tolerated because it allows people to release their hatred towards a particular group of people in a much softer way. According to them hate speech helps people releasing the pressure of hatred that is built up inside their minds through their tongue and thus it helps preventing the threat of physical violence. However the case of human beings is different from mechanical pressure vessels and tolerance of hate speech promotes it in most of the cases. The first a mendment to the constitution of the United States ensures the freedom of speech and expression however it has certain shortcomings regarding the saving of the minority groups from hate speech; free speech as a phenomenon ensures the provision of human rights however free speech clause has failed to do so because it has been used as a tool for spreading hatred on numerous occasions. People who are against the hate speech laws argue that hate speech cannot be abolished by enforcing laws against it because it is a moral and social issue which can be solved through arbitration and changing the mindset of hate mongers. Hate speech laws at times ‘overprotects’ minorities like blacks and Jews who exploit these laws while expressing their own hatred towards majority groups so the whole legislative process against hate speech is very critical and laws should be formulated by keeping into consideration all the possible ways in which the laws could be misused (Delgado). In places where hate speech laws have been formulated and are being enforced, some people have reported the presence of ‘underground racists’. These people are those racists who do not openly express their hatred towards the minority groups because the law bars them to do so, consequently they keep their feelings hidden, working silently to cause damage to the minority groups and thus pose a greater threat. So the challengers of the hate speech laws use the case of underground racists as another argument against the enforcement of hate speech laws because according to them a person who hides his hatred is much more dangerous than a person who openly admits his hatred towards other people. Thus the adversaries argue that formulating laws against hate speech is not the solution, moral solutions are much better. For example one of the solutions that they propose is that a person who confronts hate speech should learn to ignore it because ignorance discourages the hate mongers wherea s reaction is considered as offensive and further encourages the hate mongers to continue spreading hatred. But ignorance is sometimes considered as weakness, under such circumstances, the minority groups should learn to reply back. So the person who confronts hate speech is in a much better position to resolve the issue than the authorities who can only impose law which are not effective in stopping the incidents of hate speech. The

Catawba County, NC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Catawba County, NC - Essay Example With regards to law and governance, Catawba County is a member of the Western Piedmont Council of Governments. The 2010 census noted that there were 154,356 people living within the county. Similarly, the 2000 census noted that 146,515 people inhabited the county; representing around a 5.1% increase in total population over a ten year period (Basso 29). As opposed to the earlier representations of the economy which have been noted, the current economy of Catawba county relies heavily upon industrial manufacturing. This has partly been born out of the fact that the transportation hub of rail and highway as it developed helped the region to become highly competitive with skilled labor and ease of access to markets along the eastern seaboard as well as the rest of the United States. As a function of a high number of skilled labor jobs, the economy of the region has fared relatively well in comparison to other less industrialized regions within the United States during the economic downtown which has been experienced (Employment and Earnings 216). One of the main bragging points that the county has is with regards to the high number of famous individuals that hail from Catawba. These include a grand total of 12 NASCAR drivers (on of these of course being Dale Jarett, a pair of actors (James Best and Matthew Settle), a litany of singers/songwriters (inclusive of a member of the Grateful Dead and Tori Amos), a beauty queen, and a host of well renowned sportsmen in almost every discipline. This wide variety of talent that the county itself has produced over the past few years helps to flavor its culture and underscore the fact that even though it could be understood as a solid core of manufacturing, mass transit, and industry, it nonetheless has a solid base of culture that it has developed and continues to export

Research Methodology into Ratio Analysis of HSBC Bank

Research Methodology into Ratio Analysis of HSBC Bank In this project my aim is to analysis the Ratio Analysis to find financial position of the HSBC bank by using the financial tools and also to know the functions of Internet Banking System in HSBC Bank. This study based on financial statement such as Ratio analysis and financial performance. This project helps to identify and give suggestion the area of weaker position of business transaction in HSBC. This study is made to evaluate the Ratio analysis as per trend analysis. Here I have given the Title, Aim, Objectives of the project, Introduction and background of the company chosen. It also gives the summary regarding the literature review, methodology using for the research, data collection methods and data analyzing procedures. Introduction: Finance is very essential for every business to run successfully. To run the business every organization will need financial support. In our present economy finance is defined as the provision of money at the time when it is required. Every enterprise whether big or small needs finance to carry on its target. In fact finance is so indispensable today. It can be said as blood of an enterprise. Without adequate finance no enterprise can possible accomplish its objectives. In the early years of its evolution it was treated synonymously with the rising of funds. In the current literature pertaining to financial management a broader scope so as to include in addition to procurement of funds efficient use of resources is universally recognized. Nowadays internet is widely used by all sectors of people. Today bank has introduced various facilities through internet. E-Banking is a revolution that changes the banking system around the world. E-Banking is more comfortable for the customers and bank. Title: Critically analyzing the ratios of HSBC bank to study the financial performance of bank during 2010-2011 and also study the functions of internet banking system in HSBC bank. Aim: To study the financial performance of HSBC bank by analyzing the financial ratios from the past five years financial data and also study the role of internet banking system in HSBC bank. Objective of the study: To analyze and evaluate the financial performance of HSBC Bank To study the growth of HSBC in terms of comparative analysis and trend analysis of financial statements for the past five years, from 2006 to 2010. To study the roles of Internet Banking in HSBC To review the benefits of internet banking to customer and bank To make suggestions recommendations for improving the financial position Rationale: Personal Rationale: As I am a finance student, am very much interested in doing the ratio analysis of the company because of that we can able to know the financial performance of any company. I am very eager to know the financial status of the HSBC bank always. Because this bank is globalized bank, it is in every part of the world. Now it has introduced the lot of facility in Internet banking that benefits the customers. I have the relationship with the bank for the past five years. So, I personally interest in doing with HSBC Bank financial performance and internet banking sector. Organizational Rationale: As it is bank, we have wide range of information available in website, articles, journals, magazines and newspapers. HSBC employees are very friendly to their customers. They are always ready to explain their roles of internet banking system. For the financial data, we will able to get the financial statement from their website so there is no lack of information availability. Policy Rationale: The system and the procedures followed by the HSBC bank is also one of my interests to choose the HSBC bank. This bank follows the banking rules and regulations given by the government and fair trade practice. Thats make the customer safety banking. In internet banking system, there are many options for doing the transaction easily and safely. Academic Rationale: There are more resources available for doing this work. There are many financial books available to elaborate the ratio analysis. We have studied in deep about the ratio analysis and Internet banking system. IMPORTANCE OF THIS STUDY The subject matter of financial management is of immense interest for every financial analyzer. It needs special attention because of the complexities involve in managing cash in present day banking function. The important aspect is the estimation of how much of finance. The business organization requires and for what purpose. The most important area of financial management is the working capital management. Here the study tries to reveal the banks position and performance by evaluating the relationship between various components parts of financial statements. Ration analysis has been taken as a tool in assessing the performance of the company in respect of the following aspects. Liquidity Position .Long-term solvency. Profitability. Activity. This study helps to know the usage and the benefits of internet banking system This study helps to study the functions of internet banking in UK HSBC bank Literature Review: 1 RATIO ANALYSIS Ratio analysis is one of the techniques of financial analysis where ratios are used as a yardstick for evaluating the relationship between component parts of financial statements to obtain a better understanding of the firms position and performance. It is used as tool by the company or individual to analysis the quantitative performance of the company financial statement. Meaning Ratio is relationships expressed in mathematical terms between figures which are connected with each other in some manner. Ratio will be calculated from current year figures and it is compared with previous year in order to know the financial performance of the company. It is defined as the systematic use of ratio to interpret the financial statements so that the strengths and weaknesses of a firm as well as its historical performance and current financial condition can be determined. The importance of ratio analysis relies in the fact that it presents facts on a comparative basis Conclusions can be drawn regarding the liquidity position of a firm. It is useful for assessing the long-term financial viability of a firm. It throws light on the degree of efficiency in the management and utilization of its assets. It helps in inter-firm comparison and also with industry averages. Liquidity Ratios: It is the ratio which is used to determine the companys capacity to pay its short- period debt obligations. If the value of the ratio is high, then the margin of safety will become high so that the company able to cover its short term debts. Liquidity ratio includes Current ratio, Quick/Acid ratio and Operating cash flow ratio. Current Ratio It is a quantitative relationship between current assets and current liabilities and indicates and enterprises ability to meet the current obligation. Current assets refer to liquid resources and must be sufficient enough to pay current liabilities when they mature. A relatively high current ratio is an Indication that the firm has ability to pay its current obligations in time as and on the other hand a relatively low current ratio represents that the firm shall not be able to pay its current liabilities in time without facing difficulties. An increase in the current ratio represents improvement in the liquidity position of a firm while a decrease in the current ratio indicates that there has been deterioration in the liquid assets of the firm. The ratio equal to the rule of thumb is 2:1. Quick/Acid Test Ratio: The ratio is ascertained by companys liquid assets and current liabilities. Here liquid assets are those assets which are immediately convertible in to cash without much loss. It is also known as liquidity ratio. It shows the ability of the enterprise to meet its short term obligation without sale and collection of inventories. LeverageRatios: It is the ratio which is used to calculate the financial leverage of the company inorder to know the methods of financing using by the company and to measure the ability of the company to meet its financial obligations. Debt-equity Ratio This ratio indicates the relative proportions of debt and equity in financing the assets of a firm. One approach is to express the debt-equity ratio in terms of the relative proportion of long-term debt and shareholders equity. The debt considered here is exclusive of current liabilities. It is an important tool of financial analysis to appraise the financial structure of a firm. A high ratio shows a large share of financing by the creditors of the firm, a low ratio implies a smaller claim of creditors. Interest Coverage Ratio : These ratios are computed from information available in the profit and loss account. It is also known as time-interest earned ratio. This ratio measures the debt servicing capacity of a firm insofar as fixed interest on long-term loan is concerned. It is determined by dividing the operating profits or earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) by the fixed interest charges on loans. Proprietary Ratio: This ratio indicates whether the firm is employing a reasonable proportion of debt or if heavily loaded with debt in which case its solvency is exposed to serious strain. This ratio relates the owners/proprietors funds with total assets. The ratio indicates the proportion of total assets financed by owners. PROFITABILITY RATIOS: This ratio helps to access the ability of business in order to generate the earnings of the business by comparing the expenses and relevant costs during the specific period of time. Net profit Ratio: This measures the relationship between net profits and sales of a firm. Depending on the concept of net profit employed. A high net profit margin would ensure adequate return as well as enable a firm to with stand adverse economic conditions when selling price is declining cost of production is rising and demand for the product is failing. A low net profit merging would have the opposite implications. Return on Assets: Thus profitability ratio is measured in terms of this relationship between net profit and assets. This may also be called profit-to-asset ratio. The concept of net profit may be net profits after taxes net profits after taxes plus interest and net profits after taxes plus interest minus tax savings. Assets may be defined as total assets fixed assets and tangible assets. Return on capital Employed: The term capital employed refers to long-term funds supplied by the creditors and owners of the firm. Here the profits are related to the total capital employed. It can be computed as The capital employed provides a test of profitability related to the sources of long-term funds. The higher the ratio the more efficient is the use of capital employed. A comparison of this ratio with similar firms with the industry average and over time would provide sufficient insight into how efficiently the long-term funds of owners and creditors are being used. Debtor turnover ratio: Debtor turnover ratio indicates the number of times the debtors are turned over during the year. Generally if the value of debtor turnover is high, then there is more efficient in the management of debts and sales. OTHER RATIOS Fixed Assets Ratio This ratio relates the net assets and the long-term funds. Here the ratio should be high. That is the handling of fixed asset should be greater than the long-term funds at an appropriate level. E-Banking: Electronic banking system is the system that allows the individual to do the banking activities by sitting in one place. Electronic funds transfer means doing the financial transactions electronically. This is used for the number of different activities like electronic payments and card transactions where the holder makes payment by using their credit or debit cards.[Brain Dixon and Mary Dixon 2006] Internet banking is also called as online banking, it is an outgrowth of PC banking. Internet banking uses the internet as the delivery channel for conducting banking activity, it is used for the purpose of transferring funds, paying bills, helps to checking and saving account balances, paying mortgages and also help to purchase financial instruments.[Benton E Gup 2005] According to Richard H Baker, advancement in technology helps to develop the system of internet banking. According to industry analysts, internet banking provides many facilitiies Able to access the banking at any time World wide connectivity Very easy to access the information by transacting data Direct customer control of international movement of funds without intermediation of financial institutions in customers jurisdiction According to the report of Global Market for Internet Banking, more than 172 banks in Europe are running the internet banking system and they are very successful in running online banking. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH Research is a process in which the researcher wishes to find out the end result for a given problem and thus the solution helps in future course of action. The research has been defined as A careful investigation or enquiry especially through search for new facts in branch of knowledge RESEARCH DESIGN Redman and Mory (1923) defined research as a systematic effort to gain new knowledge According to Clifford Woody research comprises defining or redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or giving solutions, collecting, organizing, evaluating the data, making deductions and reaching conclusions and at carefully testing the conclusion to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis The research design used in this project is Analytical in nature the procedure using, which researcher has to use facts or information already available, and analyze these to make a critical evaluation of the performance. With particular reference to working capital management, for the prosecution of the study, both the primary and secondary data. DATA COLLECTION METHOD: Primary Data: Primary data is the information collected by the researcher in first hand. This data is collected by the researcher inorder to analysis the research. Primary data is collected from the field organization selected that is from the employees, customers and observing the real life situations. The main benefit of the primary data is collected only for the specific study so it is more relevant to the study. But there is disadvantage for the collection of primary data it involves more cost and time. It is not suitable for short term study. Primary data for this proposal will be collected from the employees and customers of HSBC bank inorder to know how they run the internet banking system and the functions and benefits of internet banking system in HSBC bank. Primary research may be quantitative and qualitative research. Qualitative research is the method where the researcher set the questionnaire which will give to large number of respondents (Hair, Wolfinbarger, Ortinau, and Bush, 2008, p81). Based on the responses the data will be analysed. In this study, questionnaire will be given to the customers and employees of HSBC bank to analyse the data regarding the functions of Internet Banking. Secondary Data Secondary data is the information which is collected already and it is used for some other studies by different researcher. This data not only used for the current study. The sources of secondary data are books, journals, articles, newspapers, internet, government, corporate reports and library. The advantage of this data it is easily available and also very cheap compared to primary data. In this study we are using secondary data for the analyses of ratio in order to know the financial performance of HSBC bank. From the annual reports maintained by the company. Data are collected from the companys website. Books and journals pertaining to the topic. Research Approach: There are two types of research approaches Inductive and Deductive approaches. Inductive approach is the approach that starts with specific objectives and become generalized. It begins by identifying the issue by observation or being informed. Deductive approach is the approaches where the conclusions derived from the situation. It begins with general situation and ends by identifying the specific issue. Arguments based on the rules, laws and regulation will be using deductive approaches and the argument based on the observations will be using the inductive approaches. SAMPLING PROGRESS Sampling: It is the process of choosing small number of people for doing the research from the large population. That sample group will be tested, analyzed by assuming that sample group represents the entire group (Crouch, S. and Housden, M., 1996, p116). Sampling Unit In this research the target populations are the customers of HSBC Bank Alperton Branch. The sizes of the sampling will be 100 customers. Sampling type will be random choosen among the large population group. From the total sample size the study will be done for the 10 customers and 5 employees of HSBC bank. Ethnography procedure will be used for analyzing the data based on the data collection method. In this method it takes account of words, context and non-verbals. STATISTICAL TOOLS Tool for Data Collection Questionnaire will be used as a tool for data collection as it provides the advantages of allowing the respondents to answer at their convenience and faster data collection. The questionnaire explicitly stated the purpose of study as academic and assured confidentiality of information solicited from the respondent. Percentage method This method is used in making comparison between two are more series of data. Percentages are used to describe relationship. Percentages can also be used to compare the relative terms, the distribution of two or more series of data. The data collected through questionnaire response method was analyzed in the following manner: Raw data will be coded and tabulated and the tabulated data will be converted into percentages, to show the percentage of opinion among respondents. Percentage analysis thus involves the simple interpretation / analysis of the various items taken up in the questionnaire on a percentage basis from the data collected. Interpretations of the graphs also include mean scores obtained by the organization on every aspect / item as calculated. Number of respondent Percentage of Respondents =  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­___________________________________ * 100 Total number of people questioned Weighted average method Weighted average method is defined as an average whose component items are multiplied by certain value (weights) and the aggregate of the products are divided by the total of weights In the Weighted Average Method, the weighted average can be calculated by the following formula K XW = ÃŽÂ µ WX/ ÃŽÂ µX Here XW represents the weighted average X1, X 2, X3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.Xn represents the value for variable values W1, W2, W3 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Wn represents the weight age given to the variable. Steps:- Multiply the weights(W) by the variables(X) to obtain WX Add all WX to obtain ÃŽÂ µWX Divide ÃŽÂ µWX by sum of the weights (ÃŽÂ µX) to get weighted average. Correlation: Correlation is the techniques of determining the degree of correlation between two variables in case of ordinal data where ranks are given to the different values of the variables. Spearmans coefficient of correlation (or) 1 6 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœdi  ² r = _____________ n (n ² 1) TOOLS OF ANALYSIS Ratio Analysis. Comparative Balance Sheet. Trend Analysis Conclusion: This dissertation proposal starts with the introduction of finance, and helps to know the importance of finance for banking sector. The researcher will work towards the financial ratios of HSBC bank from the sources of annual reports, financial statements like balance sheet in orer to know the financial position of HSBC bank and analyze the role of internet banking in HSBC by getting the data from the bank customer and employees.

Free Process Essays - How to Organize a Paintball Event :: Expository Process Essays

How to Organize a Paintball Event Ever dream of shooting your boss or coworkers? Perhaps you will get the chance if you offer to organize a company paintball event. It is a great way to promote teamwork and relieve aggression. Even if the coworker from hell is on the same team as you, keep in mind there is such a thing as â€Å"friendly fire† (â€Å"accidentally† shooting someone on your team). The first step is to check out local fields. Some things to look for are, the ratio of referees to players, goggle signs, barrel plugs and personality of the staff. Typically, playing fields are crowded on the weekend. Most fields will open during the week for a group of twenty or more, but do ask. Price is also a consideration; this is an expensive hobby. Expect to pay at least $85 for a case of paint, goggle rental and a paintball marker (gun) rental for a four-hour session. Preferably, try to plan the outing when the weather is comfortable. Playing in the 100 degree Texas heat would be rough on most corporate types. On the day of the event, it is best to dress in layers. Being hit with a paintball does sting. I recommend wearing gloves and a hat as handshots and headshots seem to hurt the most. Wear comfortable shoes, cleats if possible, if not tennis shoes with good tread. Most often, the playing fields are on grass or dirt surfaces. Usually fields have food and drinks for sale but to be on the safe side bring water, as dehydration is common for rookie players. The first stop after arriving at the field is the â€Å"Staging Area†. This area typically has tables to set your equipment on. After picking up the equipment from the staff, the referee will discuss how the markers (guns) work, how to fill the hoppers (what holds the paintballs) and most importantly safety issues. The first is, everyone chronographs their guns to be certain no one is shooting â€Å"hot† over 300 fps (feet per second). Secondly, always wear goggles. Eye injuries are the biggest injury risk of playing paintball and wearing goggles faithfully will prevent it. Thirdly, keep the barrel plug in the gun until the game begins. That way if your finger accidentally pulls the trigger the barrel plug slows down the velocity of the paintball and likely will not cause an injury.

Resarch and Statistics Paper Psy 315

Research and Statistics Paper Psy 315 Define and explain research and define and explain the scientific method (include an explanation of all five steps). Proper Research is primarily an investigation. Researchers and scientists gather data, facts, and knowledge to help better understand phenomenon, events and people. Through research, analysis, investigations, and experimentation, we gain a better understanding of our world. As I skimmed the text to find a definition, I found the word research several times on several of the pages in the first chapter.Research is fundamental to any scientific enterprise and statistics is no exception. The scientific method is the set of procedures that enable scientists and researchers to conduct investigations and experiments. Scientists observe an event and then form a hypothesis. A hypothesis is an educated guess about how something works. These researchers then perform experiments that support the hypothesis or these experiments prove it wrong. A conclusions can be made from the investigations and experiments with the data collected and analyzed. The conclusion helps to prove or disprove validity of the hypothesis.There are several steps that are followed in the scientific method. The steps to this method can be followed by answering questions before and along the way of the investigation. The scientific method can have five steps. The researcher asks themselves these questions and tries o find the answers: 1. What event or phenomenon are we investigating? 2. How does this event occur? A guess as to how the event happens is formed. This is our hypothesis. 3. How can we test this hypothesis? The experimenter then tests the hypothesis through experiments. 4. Are the results looking valid?The researcher records the observations. Does the experiment need to be changed? Possibly, the researcher adjusts the experiment as the data helps to fine tune the investigation. 5. Does the data support the hypothesis? The researcher analyz es the data. The analysis will have statistical information that is crucial to the investigator. Without statistics, there can be no real scientific analysis of the investigation or experiment. The analysis will tell the researcher if the hypothesis is supported or if they are in essence incorrect. Authors: Cowens, John Source: Teaching Pre K-8, Aug/Sep2006, Vol. 7 Issue 1, p42-46, 3p, 6 Color Photographs, 1 Graph Informastion from: Cowens, J. (2006, August/September). The scientific method. Teaching PreK-8, 37(1), 42. Define and substantively compare and contrast the characteristics of primary and secondary data (not sources). There are two ways that researchers obtain data, primary and secondary. Primary data is collected by the person conducting the investigation. Secondary data is collected from other sources. Primary data is information collected that is specifically geared toward the investigation. This specificity is a plus for primary data.Primary data can be expensive to co llect due to the expense of experimentation and surveys. The man hours can be high and the cost can be high. The time it takes to collect original data can be long and grueling. Secondary data can be a good resource due to the ease of availability. Secondary data can be less expensive and less time consuming. However, secondary data may be information that is not as specific to the investigation or collected for a different specific purpose. Rabianski J. Primary and Secondary Data: Concepts, Concerns, Errors, and Issues. Appraisal Journal [serial online].January 2003;71(1):43. Available from: Business Source Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed March 11, 2013 Explain the role of statistics in research. (Keep the focus within the field of psychology). ————————————————- Statistics plays a very large role in the field of psychology. Statistics is vital to research in any field of science. Before statistics and even now, people want to know if there is a real cause and effect when they experience an event. Early man (let’s call him Grog) would step out of his drab cave in the early morning.Grog would perhaps spot an eagle soaring across a beautiful clear blue sky. Our early man, Grog may then have a great day of hunting. Later, Grog would reflect and think about his good day and remember the early morning eagle. Grog would tell and possibly re-tell the tale to his fellow cave people. The appearance of the early morning eagle would become a â€Å"clear† and significant sign or omen that the day’s hunt would be good. This would be especially true if the omen appeared and the hunt was good more than once. Is this statistically significant?Grog did not have the proper tools ( not paper or stone or computer) nor the brain power to do the statistical procedures on his observations. This appearance and the resulting good hunt could be a real sig nificant event with true cause and effect or it could be pure chance and be nothing more than flimsy anecdotal evidence. Unfortunately for Grog, he did not have statistics or the expertise to perform the required investigations of proper research. Often, psychologists want to know what a person will do when confronted with a certain situation or stimulus or event.With inferential statistics researchers/psychologists use the information/data to infer or to make a conclusion based on the data from the research. â€Å"Probability† is derived from inferential statistics. How probable is it that a person will act a certain way can be answered through inferential/probability studies. ————————————————- The Cult of Statistical Significance By Stephen T. Ziliak and Deirdre N. McCloskey1 ———————————à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Roosevelt University and University of Illinois-Chicago ————————————————- â€Å"The Cult of Statistical Significance† was presented at the Joint Statistical Meetings, Washington, DC, August 3rd, 2009, in a contributed session of the Section on Statistical Education. For comments Ziliak thanks many individuals, but especially Sharon Begley, Ronald Gauch, Rebecca Goldin, Danny Kaplan, Jacques Kibambe Ngoie, Sid Schwartz, Tom Siegfried, Arnold Zellner and above all Milo Schield for organizing an eyebrow-raising and standing-room only session. ————————————————- ————————————————- Psychological Research Methods and StatisticsEdited by Andrew M. Colman 1995, London and New York: Longman. Pp. xvi + 123. ISBN 0-582-27801-5 Research in psychology or in any other scientific field invariably begins with a question in search of an answer. The question may be purely factual — for example, is sleep-walking more likely to occur during the stage of sleep in which dreams occur, namely rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, than in dreamless (slow-wave) sleep? Alternatively, it may be a practical question — for example, can the use of hypnosis to recover long-forgottenexperiences increase the likelihood of false memories? According to current research findings, incidentally, the answers to these questions are no and yes respectively. ) A research question may arise from mere curiosity, from a theory that yields a prediction, or from previous research findings that raise a new question. Whatever its origin, provided that it concerns behaviour or mental experience and that it can be expressed in a suitable form for investigation by empirical methods — that is, by the collection of objective evidence — it is a legitimate question for psychological research. Psychological research relies on a wide range of methods.This is partly because it is such a diverse discipline, ranging from biological aspects of behaviour to social psychology and from basic research questions to problems that arise in such applied fields as clinical, educational, and industrial or occupational psychology. Most psychological research methods have the ultimate goal of answering empirical questions about behaviour or mental experience through controlled observation. But different questions call for different research methods, because the nature of a question often constrains the methods that can be used to answer it.This volume discusses a wide range of commonly used methods of research and statistical analysis. The most powerful research method is undoubtedly controlled experimentation. The reason for the unique importance of controlled experiments in psychology is not that they are necessarily any more objective or precise than other methods, but that they are capable of providing firm evidence regarding cause-and-effect relationships, which no other research method can provide. The defining features of the experimental method are manipulation and control.The experimenter manipulates the conjectured causal factor (called the independent variable because it is manipulated independently of other variables) and examines its effects on a suitable measure of the behaviour of interest, called the dependent variable. In multivariate research designs, the interactive effects of several independent variables on two or more dependent variables may be studied simultaneously. In addition to manipulating the independent variable(s) and observing the effects on the dependent variable(s), the experimenter controls all other extraneous variables that might influence the results.Cont rolled experimentation thus combines the twin features of manipulation (of independent variables) and control (of independent and extraneous variables). In psychological experiments, extraneous variables can seldom be controlled directly. One reason for this is that people differ from one another in ways that affect their behaviour. Even if these individual differences were all known and understood, they could not be suppressed or held constant while the effects of the independent variable was being examined.This seems to rule out the possibility of experimental control in most areas of psychology, but in the 1920s the British statistician Ronald Aylmer Fisher discovered a remarkable solution to this problem, called randomization. To understand the idea behind randomization, imagine that the experimenter wishes to test the hypothesis that the anti-depressive drug Prozac (fluoxetine hydrochloride) causes an increase in aggressiveness. The independent variable is ingestion of Prozac a nd the dependent variable is a score on some suitable test of aggressiveness.The experimenter could assign subjects to two treatment conditions strictly at random, by drawing their names out of a hat, for example, and could then treat the two groups identically apart from the manipulation of the independent variable. Before being tested for aggressiveness, the experimental group could be given a pill containing Prozac and the control group a placebo (an inactive dummy pill). The effect of the randomization would be to control, at a single stroke, for allextraneous variables, including ones of that the researcher had not even considered.For example, if two-thirds of the subjects were women, then each group would end up roughly two-thirds female, and if some of the subjects had criminal records for offences involving violence, then these people would probably be more or less even divided between the experimental and control groups, especially if the groups were large. Randomization wo uld not guarantee that the two groups would be identical but merely that they would tend to be roughly similar on all extraneous variables. More precisely, randomization would ensure that any differences between the groups were distributed strictly according to the laws of chance.Therefore, if the two groups turned out to differ on the test of aggressiveness, this difference would have to be due either to the independent variable (the effect of Prozac) or to chance. This explains the purpose and function of inferential statistics in psychology. For any specified difference, a statistical test enables a researcher to calculate the probability or odds of a difference as large as that arising by chance alone. In other words, a statistical test tells us the probability of such a large difference arising under the null hypothesisthat the independent variable has no effect.If a difference is observed in an experiment, and if the probability under the null hypothesis of such a large differ ence arising by chance alone is sufficiently small (by convention, usually less than 5 per cent, often written p < . 05), then the researcher is entitled to conclude with confidence that the observed difference is due to the independent variable. This conclusion can be drawn with confidence, because if the difference is not due to chance, then it must be due to the independent variable, provided that the experiment was properly controlled.The logical connection between randomized experimentation and inferential statistics is explained in greater depth in Colman (1988, chap. 4). A grasp of the elements of statistics is necessary for psychologists, because research findings are generally reported in numerical form and analysed statistically. In some areas of psychology, including naturalistic observations and case-studies (see below), qualitative research methods are occasionally used, and research of this kind requires quite different methods of data collection and analysis.For a sur vey of the relatively uncommon but none the less important qualitative research methods, including ethnography, personal construct approaches, discourse analysis, and action research, see the book by Banister, Burman, Parker, Taylor, and Tindall (1994). In chapter 1 of this volume, David D. Stretch introduces the fundamental ideas behind experimental design in psychology. He begins by explaining the appropriate form of a psychological research question and how incorrectly formulated questions can sometimes be transformed into questions suitable for experimental investigation.He then discusses experimental control, problems of sampling and randomization, issues of interpretability, plausibility, generalizability, and communicability, and proper planning of research. Stretch concludes his chapter with a discussion of the subtle and complex problems of measurement in psychology. He uses an extremely instructive example to show how two different though equally plausible measures of a de pendent variable can lead to completely different — in fact, mutually contradictory — conclusions.Chapter 2, by Brian S. Everitt, is devoted entirely to analysis of variance designs. These are by far the most common research designs in psychology. Everitt's discussion covers one-way designs, which involve the manipulation of only one independent variable; factorial designs, in which two or more independent variables are manipulated simultaneously; and within-subject repeated-measure designs, in which instead of being randomly assigned to treatment conditions, the same subjects are used in all conditions.Chapter 2 concludes with a discussion of analysis of covariance, a technique designed to increase the sensitivity of analysis of variance by controlling statistically for one or more extraneous variables called covariates. Analysis of covariance is sometimes used in the hope of compensating for the failure to control extraneous variables by randomization, but Everitt di scusses certain problems caused by such use. In chapter 3, A. W. MacRae provides a detailed discussion of the ideas behind statistics, both descriptive and inferential.Descriptive statistics include a variety of methods of summarizing numerical data in ways that make them more easily interpretable, including diagrams, graphs, and numerical summaries such as means (averages), standard deviations (measures of variability), correlations (measures of the degree to which two variables are related to each other), and so forth. Inferential statistical methods are devoted to interpreting data and enabling researchers to decide whether the results of their experiments are statistically significant or may be explained by mere chance.MacRae includes a brief discussion of Bayesian methods, which in contrast to classical statistical methods are designed to answer the more natural question: â€Å"How likely is it that such-and-such a conclusion is correct? † For more information on Bayesia n methods, the book by Lee (1989) is strongly recommended: it explains the main ideas lucidly without sidestepping difficulties Inferential Statistics For descriptive statistics such as correlation, the â€Å"mean,† or average, and some others that will be considered in context later in the book, the purpose is to describe or summarize aspects of behavior to understand them better.Inferential statistics start with descriptive ones and go further in allowing researchers to draw meaningful conclusions — especially in experiments. These procedures are beyond the scope of this book, but the basic logic is helpful in understanding how psychologists know what they know. Again recalling Bandura's experiment of observational learning of aggression, consider just the model-punished and model-rewarded groups. It was stated that the former children imitated few behaviors and the latter significantly more.What this really means is that, based on statistical analysis, the differenc e between the two groups was large enough and consistent enough to be unlikely to have occurred simply by â€Å"chance. † That is, it would have been a long shot to obtain the observed difference if what happened to the model wasn't a factor. Thus, Bandura and colleagues discounted the possibility of chance alone and concluded that what the children saw happen to the model was the cause of the difference in their behavior.Psychologists study what people tend to do in a given situation, recognizing that not all people will behave as predicted — just as the children in the model-rewarded group did not all imitate all the behaviors. In a nutshell, the question is simply whether a tendency is strong enough — as assessed by statistics — to warrant a conclusion about cause and effect. This logic may seem puzzling to you, and it isn't important that you grasp it to understand the many experiments that are noted throughout this book. Indeed, it isn't mentioned ag ain.The point of mentioning it at all is to underscore that people are far less predictable than chemical reactions and the like, and therefore have to be studied somewhat differently — usually without formulas. 1. 1 Determine appropriate measures based on an operational definition for research tools. Researchers utilize the method of operational definition to better tailor their research. They must know what all of the variables are, how to measure these variables and how they fit into the study. They must make sure that they are actually studying what they say they are studying.The definitions/parameters of the variables must be strictly defined. 1. 2 Select appropriate data collection methods to investigate psychological research problems. The research methods and the way all experimentations are collected must be done in a scientific, logical and ethical manner. Most research methods are either non-experimental, experimental, or quasi-experimental. These are separated by the number and extent of the of controls used. The controls help to account for the effect of variable use on the non-control or experiment group. 1. Examine the differences between descriptive and inferential statistics and their use in the social sciences. When a chart or graph (the shape of a distribution) is described in words, then one is using â€Å"descriptive statistics†. These descriptions can help to summarize and analyze a large amount of data. With inferential statistics researchers/psychologists use the information/data to infer or to make a conclusion based on the data from the research. â€Å"Probability† is derived from inferential statistics. How probable is it that a person will act a certain way can be answered through inferential/probability studies.REFERENCES: Aron, A. , Aron, E. , ; Coups, E. (2006). Statistics for psychology (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Allyn Bacon. Cowens, J. (2006). The scientific method. Teaching PreK-8, 37(1), 42. Hawthorne, G. (2003). The effect of different methods of collecting data: Mail, telephone and filter data collection issues in utility measurement. Quality of Life Research, 12(8), 1081. McPherson, G. R. (2001). Teaching ; learning the scientific method. The American Biology Teacher, 63(4), 242. .

Evolution Creationism - 2933 Words

Evolution and Creationism Outline: Thesis: Acceptance of Creation is growing in spite of overwhelming evidence proving Evolution. I. Acceptance of Creation is growing in spite of overwhelming evidence proving Evolution There is no easy resolution for whats true and evolution or creationism. It is a complex topic with profound scientific, religious, educational, and criticism. How can a student or parent come to grips with this issue? Evolution vs. Creationism provides a badly needed, comprehensive, and balanced introduction to the many facets of the current debates about what should be taught in a classroom or in reality itself. Evolution relies on scientific facts while creationism clings on biblical beliefs. But the legal and†¦show more content†¦People may lump all creationists together in one group, but it is important to understand where they differ and why. Creationism comes in many different shapes and sizes. Some creationists believe in a flat earth. Some believe in a young earth. Other creationists b elieve in an old earth. A few portray creationism as scientific and others hide or try to remove this idea that God had no part in creating the universe. A few admit that creationism is just a religious belief with no connection to science whatsoever. Criticism about Creationism The principle idea behind creationism is that the origin of natural objects is supernatural. As an example, the Christian tradition is that the land, sky, plants and animals were created by a supernatural or also known as God. As Young and Strode state, â€Å"Within this basic idea are themes are variations; some cultures believe that plants and animal species are unchanging, others believe that different species can arise from existing species but the original species were put into being in a supernatural way† (55). Some think the creation event happened very recently, within historical times thousands of millions of years before present day. It should be emphasized that amongst the scientific community it really is only a tiny potion who consider aShow MoreRelatedEvolution Of Creationism And Creationism907 Words   |  4 Pages Evolution and creationism The debate about whether evolution and creationism be taught in schools has existed for years. Some parents are allowing their religious beliefs hinder the education of their children. According to Phy-Olsen, â€Å"American students have lower scores in mathematics and the sciences than comparable students in other industrialized nations.†(9). Many people feel that science goes against religion and they don t want this taught in the schools. If you teach justRead MoreThe Evolution Of Creationism And Evolution1276 Words   |  6 PagesCreationism and Evolution is a heavily discussed topic all over the world, sparking controversy on every turn. 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