The Treatment Of Physician Assisted Suicide - 1025 Words

Just imagine†¦the invitation arriving in the mail, it was no ordinary invite. The days of physical misery and suffering that lead up to this final celebration of life were unbearable to watch. Having a terminally ill family member is hard because you know the days, weeks and months are numbered. Quality of life, what is that anyway? Each passing hour has the quality of life diminishing to unimaginable physical pain and anguish. Watching someone you love slip away and turn into a shell of who they once were is unbearable. This invitation is special. This special day and every precious hour will give the loved ones a time to say goodbye just before they die with dignity in physician assisted suicide. Terminally ill patients have the right to end their own lives using physician assisted suicide (PAS) without repercussions of laws and people with opposing opinions. According to an article from CNN.com, there are currently five states in the U.S. where physician-assisted suicide is currently legal. In order to be eligible legally for PAS the patient must have six months or less to live. In the states of Oregon, California, Vermont, Washington and Montana a physician can prescribe medications to move along the death without being prosecuted for murder. It is hard to know the correct statistics on just how many physician assisted suicides happen across the U.S. Since it is illegal in the majority of the states it is not something that is reported because those assistingShow MoreRelatedThe Treatment Of Physician Assisted Suicide1895 Words   |  8 Pages There are many differences between PAS and euthanasia, let s take a look at some of them. Physician assisted suicide means that the physician makes lethal means available to the patient, that can be used when the patient chooses. PAS is also defined as a patient who died by performing the last act of suicide. Euthanasia would mean the physician takes an active role in carrying out the patient s request. For the patient to receive PAS, they would have to take the medication when they are stillRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide : A Legal Medicine Treatment3241 Words   |  13 Pages2014 Physician Assisted Suicide Physician assisted suicide has been discussed on various occasions. You will find a lot of controversy with this topic because it s not only a matter of what the patient wants, but a matter of what s correct among the groups. Right off the bat you see that the US, Oregon, Washington and Montana have legalized the practice of physician assisted suicide. (HRF 2014) In 2013 Vermont declared suicide with prescribed medication was a legal medical treatment. Read MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Is Not A Beneficial Treatment For Medical Patients1350 Words   |  6 PagesPhysician-Assisted Suicide Imagine having a relative with a terminal illness; perhaps this person feels that their only option is assisted-suicide. Now, put yourself into their shoes. Would you choose to live the rest of your days in pain, or would you choose to die with a sense of dignity? Physician-assisted suicide has been prohibited for many years and many physicians have given their input on the subject, enlightening many on the fundamentals of assisted-suicide; others have stated their opinionsRead MoreWhat Is Physician Assisted Suicide?939 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Physician assisted suicide? Requests to end suffering through physician assisted suicide have occurred since the beginning of medicine. This technique to end ones life is very controversial and some argue that it should be legal while others argue otherwise. There are multiple advantages and disadvantages when it comes to physician assisted suicide. In physician assisted suicide, the physician provides the necessary means to end a patient’s life, but the patient themselves performs the actRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide, When Is It Acceptable?1709 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician-Assisted Suicide, When is it acceptable? Assisted suicide had raised issues of great importance in the society particularly the most controversial of all, the physician assisted suicide in the health care field. Since Oregon and other states implemented the legalization of physician assisted suicide, the debates continues. The U.S. Supreme Court decisions in 1997 and the Pain Relief Promotion Act of 2000 (H.R. 5544) have kept these topics on the policy of the national agenda, along withRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Morally Permissible1663 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician assisted suicide should be morally permissible. Patients who are in constant suffering and pain have the right to end their misery at their own discretion. This paper will explore my thesis, open the floor to counter arguments, explain my objections to the counter arguments, and finally end with my conclusion. I agree with Brock when he states that the two ethical values, self-determination and individual well-being, are the focal points for the argument of the ethical permissibility ofRead MoreThe Progressive Case Against Assisted Suicide1413 Words   |  6 Pagesunder physician-assisted suicide. Unfortunately, she had to relocate from California, where her friends and family lived, to Oregon in order to fall under the â€Å"Die With Dignity† act. According to euthanasia.procon.org, only four states in the whole country have legalized assisted suicide. Unfortunately, there are many like Maynard, who have to relocate and leave their home or go through a long and strenuous court battle to receive this treatment plant. This is due to the disapproval of physician-assistedRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide is NOT Ethical Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesIs physician assisted suicide morally right? This has been a controversial subject for some time now. People are wondering whether or not it is the most humane thing to do. If dogs can be putdown, why not people? The reason is in that question. They are people. Ever y life is important, no matter how long it may be. Instead of finding a way to get rid of people faster, the government could put those efforts in something more positive. If other people are considering whether or not the patients’ lifeRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide : A Controversial Subject1692 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician-assisted suicide is a controversial subject all around the world. Although it is legal in some countries and states, such as the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Oregon, Montana, Washington, and Vermont it is not yet legal in most (Finlay, 2011). People travel from all around the world to these locations to receive information. Physician-assisted suicide is when terminally ill and mentally capable patients perform the final act themselves after being provided with the required meansRead MoreNew Client. Professor__. English___. 2/28/17. The Implications1182 Words   |  5 Pageschoices without any external influences, a competent adult can re fuse medical treatment, even in situations where this could result in his/her death. However, when it comes to actively ending a life via euthanasia it becomes an extensively debate regarding the rights of an individual to make that choice. The article â€Å"A Doctor-Assisted Disaster for Medicine† loosely examines the negative implications of assisted suicide laws on patients. Toffler’s article sheds light upon how the law has changed the

Essay on Google Inc, in China - 7565 Words

Case Study Analysis Template Analyst’s Name:  ¶ Levi Mohorich Date:  ¶ 2/23/14 Case Study Name:  ¶ Google, Inc., in China I. The Pre-Analysis: A. Perspective: 1. Author’s Perspective. Describe the perspective of the author(s) of the case study and possible biases of the author(s):  ¶ The case was wrote by Kirsten E. Martin, the Assistant Professor of Business Administration at George Washington University, School of Business. She has her Ph.D. from Darden Graduate School of Business, University of Virginia. Her main research interests are business ethics, privacy, technology and stakeholder theory. It might be possible that she is biased towards China for their privacy restrictions and†¦show more content†¦I will also bracket my little knowledge of China’s restriction on social media that could cause me to be biased towards them. II. The Situation: C. Facts. List the facts relevant to the issue(s) identified: *  ¶ Google, Inc. was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin (which remained private until 2004) * Page and Brin did this while at Stanford as graduate students. * Google’s PageRank technology â€Å"measures the importance of different Wed pages by solving an equation with more than 500 million variables and 2 billion terms.† * Google’s Corporate Ethos/Motto * In 2004, Brin and Page wrote a founders’ letter. It stated, â€Å"Don’t be evil. We believe strongly that in the long term, we will be better served—as shareholders and in all other ways—by a company that does good things for the world even if we forgo some short-term gains. This is an important aspect of our culture and is broadly shared within the company.† * The company’s focus on the user influenced most of its decisions. * It refused to make any changes that did not offer some kind of benefit to its users. * In 2005, Google had a positive cash flow o f $3.45 billion and starting in 2006, was generating more than $1 billion in cash every quarter. * Google had revenue of $6.14 billion and a net profit margin of 25.18%. * In 2006, Google launches aShow MoreRelatedGoogle Inc. in China Essay7722 Words   |  31 Pagesï » ¿Case Study Analysis Template1 Analyst’s Name:  ¶ Date:  ¶ Case Study Name:  ¶Google Inc., in China I. The Pre-Analysis: A. Perspective: A.1. Describe the perspective2 of the author(s) of the case study and the possible biases that might result from that perspective:  ¶ The case study is titled Google Inc., In china, written by Kirsten E. Martin for the Business Roundtable Institute for Corporate Ethics. Kirsten Martin is the Assistant Professor of Business and EconomicsRead MoreGoogle, Inc. And The Chinese International Gateway Internet Service Providers Essay957 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Google, Inc. started service in China through Google.com, a version of its homepage in Chinese language. Although it is operated outside the country, the search results of search requests from China are monitored and filtered by the Chinese international gateway Internet service providers (ISP). Two years after the start of service in China, Google.com was down for two weeks and was slow and unreliable after reinstatement. As a result, Google, Inc. was losing market share in China. With theRead MoreThe For Maximize Your Earnings Are Alphabet Inc.1066 Words   |  5 Pagesare Alphabet Inc. (Google), The Hershey Company and Costco Wholesale Corporation. â€Å"Alphabet Inc., through its subsidiaries, provides online advertising services in the United States, the United Kingdom, and rest of the world. The company offers performance and brand advertising services. It operates through Google and Other Bets segments. The Google segment includes principal Internet products, such as Search, Ads, Commerce, Maps, YouTube, Apps, Cloud, Android, Chrome, and Google Play, as wellRead MoreMy Portfolio Value Of The Stock1015 Words   |  5 Pagesinternational equities. I bought 10,000 shares of Jinpan International Limited (JST) at $5.25, the last stock price is $5.85. I bought 100 shares of Sina Corporation (SINA) at $43.69, the last stock price is $48.11. I also bought 500 shares of Baidu Inc. (BIDU) at $175.7 as my new stock, the last stock price is $187.12, it brings me $5,710 profits. For Some other stocks I didn t invest a lot, I am still wait and see these stock’s changes. Once these stock decreased, I am ready to cover the positio nsRead MoreGoogle in China Case Analysis1592 Words   |  7 PagesGoogle in China Business Case Analysis Facts of the Case: Key - Stick to the most important facts presented (Point form is expectable ONLY in this section) ââ€" ª Case is based on the negotiation that took place between Google Inc. and the Chinese government to allow their citizens access to Chinese version of Google.com (Google.cn) ââ€" ª Google looking at vast business opportunities in China as a long-term strategy. Due to its population size and market potential, China has become an attractiveRead MoreApple INC analysis1748 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Of Apple Inc. Apple Inc. is globally renowned as one of the leading companies, especially for its specialization in the personal computers and consumer electronics industry. The company is most well-known for the iPod, a digital music player and Macintosh, a personal computer released in 1984. Co-founded by Steve Jobs in 1976, the company was named under Apple Computers Inc. and its initial product Apple IIe gained relative popularity and success. The release of the Macintosh revolutionizedRead MoreOrganizational Culture And Corporate Social Responsibility Essay1654 Words   |  7 PagesOrganization Culture and the Corporate Social Responsibility affair is a subject every business talks about and I have done my research on Google analysing and finding the correlation between Corporate Social Responsibility and Organizational Culture. Google supports so many people to find information and stay alert of the news. Within couple of years Google has become the world’s number one website for everyone around the world. This paper mainly observes this information: 1.Introduction 2.LiteratureRead MoreApple As A Global Multinational Corporation Based Out Of Cupertino1407 Words   |  6 Pagestheir own web browser called Safari that is designed for their products. Apple also has created a mega web site to house all of their exclusive content called I Tunes media. Apple was created in April, 1976, and later incorporated as Apple Computer, Inc. in January, 1977. Apple removed the name â€Å"Computer† from their name in January, 2007; Steve Jobs also introduced the I-Phone, the same day, signifying Apple’s new direction to consumer electronics. Apple is one of the largest information technologyRead MoreInternet Censorship in China Essay937 Words   |  4 Pagesother than parental controls. In China, most, if not all of those types of sites are or have been blocked. As in, you could not go to them, unless you found some way around the web filters and firewalls the Chinese government runs in their country. While China defends their practice of internet censorship, based on â€Å"protecting† the people, heavy internet censorship is a block to free speech and impedes economic and social development in the 21st century. China says it has its reasons for censoringRead MoreApple Inc : The Best Company Essay1418 Words   |  6 PagesSteve Wozniak on April 1, 1976 in Cupertino, California. Since coming on board Apple Inc., has boomed tremendously in the market, making it a well profitable company. Apple produces numerous of products, such as the iPhone, iPad, Macintosh, iPod, Apple Watch, QuickTime and Apple TV. Each item helped Apple Inc., bring in a total of 233.7 billion dollars in revenue as of the year 2015. In the past month Apple Inc., has reached its highest peak of the year, resulting in an increase of the current stock

Economic and Political Causes for the American Revolution free essay sample

An additional factor in the company was the Townsend Act. The British Parliament was illegally taxing. As a result, the colonists boycotted British goods (Document C). The Tea Act made the colonies economically inferior to that of Englands. The Tea Act was an act where the colonies merchants were being evaded and the British took over the trading. This hurt the economic success of the colonists, multitudes strengthened in resentment and soon after the Boston Tea Party followed (Document F).The British were furious at the colonial resistance to British law. In retaliation the Intolerable Act was passed. The Intolerable Act deactivated the Boston Port at Massachusetts Bay. Deactivating the port also deactivated the center of economic success for the colonies (Document H). England was also limiting the colonists to raw material production, which also hindered their economic success. It can be assumed, that the American Revolution was caused more by political factors because the British overspent wanted to change the way the colonies were ran. We will write a custom essay sample on Economic and Political Causes for the American Revolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Factors such as deprivation of trial by jury and the right to assemble, grieve, and petition the king (Document E). Another political factor was the colonies natural and legal rights were constantly being annexed by the Parliament (Document H). Since the colonies suffered more due to the economic reason, it can be concluded that the American Revolution was caused more by economic reasons than political reasons. Economic and Political Causes for the American Revolution free essay sample The stamp act was protested upon the principle of no taxation without representation. The stamp act was affecting virtually all the colonists, and restricted economic prosperity, thus colonists protested it. The Townsend acts were also a factor in the economy. The parliament was taxing illegally! Most colonists agreed, and a boycott of British goods resulted. When the British passed the Currency act, this left the paper money worthless, and the colonists had to rely on England for Hard Currency. The colonies were economically subordinate to England by the tea ND coercive acts.The tea act was an act where the colonist merchants were being bypassed, and the British did the trading. This hurt the economic prosperity of the colonists, mobs had strengthened in anger and the Boston tea Party followed. The British were irate at the colonial resistance to British law, therefore the British passed the Coercive Act or Intolerable Act. We will write a custom essay sample on Economic and Political Causes for the American Revolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Intolerable act closed off the Boston Port, which closed off the center of economic prosperity of New England. England was also limiting the colon sits to raw material production, which hindered the colonists economic rookeries.The colonists saw a conspiracy to destroy their liberty in British policies. So, when the colonists were forming the Declaration of Independence, the main goal was to show the Americans concern for the importance of liberty. The colonials claimed that Parliament had the sovereign power to legislate in the interest of the entire British Empire, but that it could only tax those actually represented in Parliament. The military struggle, indeed, was preceded by a long and fierce political contest, of which it formed the inevitable conclusion.

Managing gender diversity in ASOS plc

Introduction ASOS plc is a fashion and beauty-retailing corporation that operates and sells its products online. The company has its headquarters in the United Kingdom. In addition, the corporation transacts its business in many countries outside Europe. In fact, the firm has over fifty thousand branded and labeled products to the clients spread across one hundred and ninety countries.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Managing gender diversity in ASOS plc specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Further, the firm, from its delivery centers in the United Kingdom distributes the products to diverse destinations around the globe (ASOS, 2011). The bulk of ASOS plc customers are derived from the young people within their twenties since the group consumes most of the corporation’s fashion products. As a result, the corporation boasts of a customer base of over seventeen million clients across the world. The aims of the company The establishment of the company was based on the aim of achieving the status of a world leader in online fashion and beauty retail industry. Therefore, the company’s philosophy and smaller goals are critical in the attainment of the broader objectives. The organisation’s philosophy calls for the integrating both the interests of the shareholders and the executive level through fairness in the division of rewards, perils as well as participation in the company’s state of affairs (ASOS, 2011). In addition, profitability remains one of the major aims of ASOS plc to be achieved through organic growth and capital investment. Increase in productivity of the company will be a recipe for the delivery of returns to the shareholders. Moreover, taking into account the interests of the stakeholders including the personnel, shareholders, and suppliers, the communities in which they function and other stakeholders remain critical in the operations of the operations o f ASOS plc. Of great importance, the firm aspires to sustain its global expansion through opening specific websites that are able to attract large masses in the countries where the organisation conducts its businesses. Further, ASOS plc’s promotional techniques have proved invaluable in aiding the organisation to position over the rival retail online businesses in the world markets. In addition, the organisation intends to expand its labels and set up its independent credentials as the global fashion trademark (ASOS, 2011). The firm also aims to deliver gross margin efficiency that will be reinvested in the pricing and prepositioning of the clients. In essence, ASOS has a dedication of ensuring that it achieves the status of a worldwide head in the online retail industry through targeting the younger generation. As such, the firm constantly modifies its pricing techniques as well as the products to acquire large number of clients (ASOS, 2011). The company products provide ext ra worth to its clients and are in line with the market demands.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The strategic policies To attain its goals and objectives, the company must have strategic plans that take into consideration its core competencies. One of the areas that company emphasizes is the management of its human resources. Being a global company requires competent expertise to enable the organisation expand and remain competitive into the international market. Diversity within the workforce remains critical within the international corporations (ASOS, 2011). ASOS plc employees remain diversified not only in terms of other factors but also in terms of gender. Managing diversity within the workforce is one of the strategic plans the company undertakes to attain its international expansion goals. Diversified workforce remains significant for the attainment of the objective s of the company within the international marketplace. The human resources strategic plans includes policies that will ensure the company hires and promote men in executive positions but also women with high achievements and academic qualifications. Managing gender diversity within an organisation The operations of an organisation’s personnel can be diversified in various ways including gender. Considering the gender attributes in the workplace among many business organisations, women have always received the least representation especially at the top levels of corporate management (Badgett, 2005). However, the company has increasingly recognised the importance of incorporating educated women at the influential levels of governance. For instance, over the past years, several women encountered a number of bottlenecks in their aspirations to develop their careers and reach higher levels of management in most of the UK as well as other leading global companies. Just to begin wit h, the foremost obstacle faced was the discrimination based on gender where women were not allowed to gain top positions in management (Bielby Baron, 2000). However, with the development of education, women are moving from the low skilled positions to highly skilled positions (Blandford, 2003). The tendency has been attributed to the steps that current organisations are undertaking in eliminating the structures that discriminated women from the top job positions. In fact, most organisations have increasingly recognised the imperative role played by embracing gender diversity in augmenting the company’s output as well as reputations (Goodman et al., 2003). ASOS plc international expansion depends on the reputation the company have build overtime.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Managing gender diversity in ASOS plc specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The gender diversity policy within the workforce is aimed at increasing the company reputation. Since the company majorly deals in women wares, taking into the consideration the development of women particularly in their careers remain critical for the company development and growth in the international market. With the escalating individual dedication towards breaking through into the male dominated corporate executive positions, various organisations presently are initiating programs aimed at training women with the aspirations of working at the top ladder of management (Duehr Bono, 2006). ASOS plc is one of the UK companies that are working towards this endeavor. In this regard, the organisation recommends that human resource managers augment the business initiatives offering mentorship to women employees. Further, the development of cultural blueprint that values the advancements achieved by women in their careers is inevitable within the company. Concerning the traditional viewpoint, women are believed to be non-performers (Bell Kl ein, 2001). However, several studies portray women as great achievers in top-level management of corporate. The conventional belief has halted women from rising to top management positions as per their aspirations (Bilimoria, 2006). Ideally, gender based discrimination is frequent in the operations of most organisations due to the clear social structures between men and women in the workplace. For example, the social arrangements bar women from rising up to certain positions reserved for men. Therefore, to ensure equality and fairness in the workplace, the organisation has put in place arrangements such as equal remunerations, equal promotions, equal opportunities and equal responsibilities as well as development of a culture that is non-discriminative in terms of sexual category, race or ethnicity (Berg Lien, 2002). Mentoring is also a significant undertaking that the human resource department should stress on since it allows flourishing of women in the workplace endeavours. Furth er, members from minority groups should be accorded both psychological and career support in their aspirations of reaching top levels of management (Button, 2001). In other words, the success of an organisation depends on recognising the likely effects of pursuing dimensions inclined towards gender discrimination on the general performance of the firm. In addition, additional gains to the firm result from the development of a cultural dimension that embraces equality and diversity.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Managing diversity involves the recognising the significance of a diversified personnel in the corporate. In essence, the leveraging the variability of the employees by the management is imperative (Blum et al., 2004). The organisation achieves diversity through ensuring an all-inclusive environment where all employees are offered with equal prospects, treatment and participation in the organisation’s state of affairs. ASOS plc’s Policies and practices for managing gender diversity ASOS plc, just like other international companies has achieved major successes in managing gender diversity in the workplace. The United Kingdom’s equality and human rights commission also recognises the positive shift in balance of gender in the workplaces over the past. The changes have been attributed to the increased societal advancements where women are acquiring education thereby providing them with the required qualifications for top-level management (Barnum Liden, 2005). As o pposed to the traditional society where men were the main beneficiaries of the top executive positions as women stayed at homes, none of these is the case anymore in the ASOS plc Corporation. In fact, many women are gaining higher positions due to increase in career development by women (Martins Parsons, 2007). ASOS plc has initiated several policies and practices that have proven fruitful in the management of gender issues. First, the pressure that arises from the demands of work and household chores is a familiar shortcoming to several women in the workplace. For example, pregnant women are forced into choosing family duties at the expense of career because most organisations fail to adopt elastic working conditions for such cases (Carpenter, 2005). Further, when women take break for motherhood to resume their duties in most companies, they are more disadvantaged since they have to begin from square one (Chatman, O’Reilly, 2004). On the contrary, ASOS has a flexible arran gement that permits maternity breaks from career for expectant women. The process of selection for job positions is always full of preconceived notions. For instance, women who seek high positions face the challenge of a supposition that top management positions require a specific approach of carrying out tasks thereby overlooking the situations where leadership is attained through exterior screening and interviews (Harcourt et al., 2005). ASOS plc has a selection process that lacks predisposition and is based on qualifications of the individuals. Further, the firm encourages innovativeness among its employees by allowing diverse work styles without sticking to particular approach. The ASOS plc exploits the talents of its female employees through the rebalancing of the organisation’s executive gender mix. Studies show that returns on equity are augmented in corporations whose executive gender blends are balanced (Goldberg Konrad, 2004). Further, the firm promotes its employe es based on the assessment of their outputs as opposed to sexual orientation. Moreover, increased orientation of the company towards a task focused enterprise as opposed to desk focused business continuously enhance the adaptability of its workforce, both men and women to sustain their career aspirations (Kalev et al, 2006). ASOS plc also offers initiatives aimed at building an all-encompassing situation for both sexes in the workplace. For example, the company offers a corresponding family medical leave for men and women. As a result, the organisation has achieved equality among its employees irrespective of sexual orientation. Moreover, the firm has developed a workplace culture that free from stalking, favouritism as well as discrimination based on gender thereby offering equal opportunity for all employees to achieve their peak capabilities (Graves Elsass, 2005). The gender diversity programs of the company In general, ASOS plc is one of the technological retail firms that embr ace diverse culture within the organisational operations around the world. The policy of the organisation on workplace diversity emphasizes on gender inclusion in all its business processes worldwide. The reason for inclusion is to provide equal opportunity and encourage individuals to improve and develop their skills and careers (Dahlin et al., 2005). The company encourages the participation and success of cultural diversity within the workforce to enhance its capability in attaining its objectives. The success and participation of cultural diversity is enhanced through celebrative programs within the organisation. The company has developed several programs and celebrations that encourage not only the workplace diversity but also diversity among the various stakeholders including customers and suppliers. Inclusiveness is critical for the success of the company. In addition, the company has established an online program that encourages inclusion and diversity conversations. The prog ram is opened not only for the employees but also for other users of the company online website. The company collects suggestions and information on how to implement gender related issues in the workplace. The open conversation also encourages equal participation among the company employees. The company values teamwork where all employees are given equal opportunity of participation (Lee Farh, 2004). The diversity programs ensure that the company rewards managers that have shown greater effort in leadership, passion and commitment to diversity. Such annual rewards encourage line managers to consider gender in all the operations of the company. Recommendations The company should put in place and implement strategic human resources techniques in managing diversity within the workforce particularly gender. Strategic human resources management focusing on gender diversity will enable the organisation gain more benefits. In other words, planned human resources management procedures that emphasizes on the gender diversity will enable the organisation take maximum advantage of variability within its workforce. In addition, adopting strategic human resources in managing workplace gender diversity enable the organisation develop practices and processes that lead to the realisation of maximum benefits. Moreover, strategic human resources will make the organisation provide a vision, show commitment and communicate the benefits to all top-level management of the organisation. Further, gender related diversity as part of the human resources strategic plan would be developed and aligned to the general organisations’ tactical plan. Besides, the strategic human resources management should ensure that diversity within the workforce particularly gender related issues are directly associated with the organisations’ performance. The knowledge that diverse and all-encompassing environment is motivating and leads to increased productivity enable the human resources m anagement to align the individual performances with the goals of the company. In other words, the individual performances should not be evaluated based on characteristics such as gender rather on their capabilities. The company human resources should come up with strategic workforce management plans that enable the organisation develop qualitative and non-qualitative actions that result on different facets of general diversity programs. For example, the company remunerations and promotions should be based on the individual performances of the employees. Moreover, the company’s strategic human resource management should ensure continuous process of identifying and developing a varied team of workers who are talented and make certain potential future growth of the company. In other words, the company human resources management should put in place programs that ensure continuous recruitment of talented young workforce based on their capabilities and qualifications. The company s hould totally do away with traditional methods of human resources management procedures and adopt the current strategic workforce management plans containing processes that maintain a continuous inflow of diversified workers. The strategic human resources managers should also ensure that workers are trained in various aspects of diversity and develop a culture that embraces variations in the workplace particularly gender. Conclusion To remain competitive and relevant in the modern global marketplace, ASOS plc must embrace gender diversity within its workforce. Gender diversity has several benefits to the company. Besides increased productivity, gender diversity ensures enhanced brand reputation of the firm, which is critical in the international expansion strategies. To attain its internalisation goals the firm has put in place various programs and policies that take into consideration all manner of diversity within the workforce. Specifically, the human resource management should a dopt strategic plans that take into consideration the facets pertaining to gender diversity in managing its workforce. References ASOS PLC 2011, Annual report 2011. Web. Badgett, M 2005, â€Å"The wage effects of sexual orientation discrimination,† Industrial and Labor Relations Review, vol.48 no.16, pp.726−739. Barnum, P Liden, R 2005, â€Å"Double jeopardy for women and minorities: pay differences with age, Academy of Management Journal, vol.38 no.3, pp.863−880. Bell, BS Klein, KJ 2001, â€Å"Effects of disability, gender, and job level on ratings of job applicants,† Rehabilitation Psychology, vol.46 no.6, pp.229−246. Berg, N Lien, D 2002, â€Å"Measuring the effect of sexual orientation on income: evidence of discrimination,† Contemporary Economic Policy, vol.20 no.2, pp.394−414. Bielby, W Baron, J 2000, â€Å"Sex segregation within occupations,† American Economic Review, vol.76 no.2, pp.43−48. Bilimoria, D 2006, â₠¬Å"The relationship between women corporate directors and women corporate officers,† Journal of Managerial Issues, vol.18 no.1, pp.47−61. Blandford, JM 2003, â€Å"The nexus of sexual orientation and gender in the determination of earnings,† Industrial and Labor Relations Review, vol.56 no.3, pp.622−642. Blum, T, Fields, D Goodman, J 2004, â€Å"Organization-level determinants of women in management,† Academy of Management Journal, vol.37 no.4, pp.241−268. Button, S 2001, â€Å"Organizational efforts to affirm sexual diversity: a cross-level examination,† Journal of Applied Psychology, vol.86 no.12, pp.17−28. Carpenter, C 2005, â€Å"Self-reported sexual orientation and earnings: evidence from California,† Industrial and Labor Relations Review, vol.58 no.4, 258−273. Chatman, J O’Reilly, C 2004, â€Å"Asymmetric reactions to work group sex diversity among men and women,† Academy of Management Journal, vol .47 no.2, pp.193−208. Dahlin, K, Weingart, L Hinds, P 2005, â€Å"Team diversity and information use,† Academy of Management Journal, vol.48 no.6, pp.1107−1123. Duehr, E Bono, J 2006, â€Å"Men, women, and managers: are stereotypes finally changing?† Personnel Psychology, vol.59 no.4, pp.815−847. Goldberg, C Konrad, A 2004, â€Å"Job and industry fit: the effects of age and gender matches on career progress outcomes,† Journal of Organizational Behavior, vol.25 no.2, pp.807−829. Goodman, J, Fields, D Blum, T 2003, â€Å"Cracks in the glass ceiling: In what kinds of organizations do women make it to the top?† Group Organization Management, vol.28 no.6, pp.475−501. Graves, Elsass, 2005, â€Å"Sex and sex dissimilarity effects in ongoing teams: some surprising findings,† Human Relations, vol.58 no.2, pp.191−221. Harcourt, M, Lam, H Harcourt, S 2005, â€Å"Discriminatory practices in hiring: institutional and rational economic perspectives,† International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol.16 no.1, pp.2113−2132. Kalev, A, Dobbin, F Kelly, E 2006, â€Å"Best practices or best guesses? assessing the efficacy of corporate affirmative action and diversity policies,† American Sociological Review, vol.71 no.16, pp.589−617. Lee, C Farh, J 2004, â€Å"Joint effects of group efficacy and gender diversity on group cohesion and performance,† Applied Psychology an International Review, vol.53 no.1, pp.136−154. Martins, L Parsons, C 2007, â€Å"Effects of gender diversity management on perceptions of organizational attractiveness: the role of individual differences in attitudes and beliefs,† Journal of Applied Psychology, vol.92 no.3, pp.865−875. This report on Managing gender diversity in ASOS plc was written and submitted by user Paige Key to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Chapter Review The Epic First Voyage

Chapter Review The Epic First Voyage The chapter under analysis introduces the details of the formation of Vasco da Gama’s first trip to India. It traces the progress of expedition from the African coast to the Cape of Good Hope in late 1497. The focus of the chapter is made on Da Gama’s relations with the indigenous population of South Africa, as well as the difficulties the explorer faced while invading Swahili coast in 1948, particularly the prevalence of the Muslim world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter Review: The Epic First Voyage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In particular, Da Gama had to resist the attack of the local sultan on the Portuguese fleet. The final destination of the traveler was Malindi, the place where Da Gama had to gain experience in navigating the fleet to India across the Arabian Sea. While describing the details of the journey, the chapter points out the way the Portuguese fleet under the auspices of Va sco da Gama confronted different cultures, religions, and societies in the pursuit of new scientific and technological discoveries. From the very beginning, the author introduces the detailed description of ships that were chosen for the trip. Specific attention was given to the preparations made by the Bartolommeo Dias who ensured the comfort, seaworthiness, and space for Vasca Da Gama and his crew. The choice of the emblem and flagship was also an important issue for the trip and the chapters provides a detailed account of this process. There are many other preliminary processes and preparations that are described in the chapter to emphasize the essence of da Gama’s readiness to discover new lands and possibility for economic and commercial development in his country. Further deliberations in the chapter are dedicated to the challenges that the Portuguese crew faced while dealing with the Arabian and Indian indigenous population. Within this context, the author describes th e first encounters of da Gama’s crew with African tribes: â€Å"The Khoikhoi had also learned to forge metals, and, beginning about 1300m they had then spread south to the Cape region usually in individual clan organizations numbering in the hundreds that may been part of largely loosely structure political groups† ( Ames 28-29). Although the voyagers were not concerned much with customs and traditions of the indigenous population, they were still involved in cultural interaction through commercial activities. The main objects of trade were honey, spices, copper, and gold. Apart from Khoikhoi, da Gama and his crew also had an interesting experience in establishing relations with Nguni tribes.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Detailed overview of the Da Gama voyages, as well as their encounters with the African tribes, reflects the author’s main themes and t opics examined in the book. In particular, the author attains much importance to the analysis of cultural interaction between the European and the African people. More importantly, the detailed description of their experiences also reveals the reactions and perceptions of the Portuguese people toward alien cultures. A thorough examination of customs and traditions, as well as religious issues, also provides a better picture of how social and economic life developed in Portugal and other countries in fifteenth and sixteenth century. Further details exposed in the chapter are dedicated to the analysis of Muslim world and its religious influence on commercial relations. Trade activities on the Swahili Coast provided the Portuguese travelers with the valuable experience, as well as expanded their knowledge about cultural and religious peculiarities of communication. While establishing favorable relationships with the Arab world, da Gama’s crew was not recognized as supporters of Christianity. On the contrary, most of the Muslims could even believe that the foreigners can have deep knowledge of their religion. In the course of explorations, Vasco da Gama did not only master the art of commerce, but also gained greater awareness of the influence and importance of culture in fostering trade relations. Once again, the author emphasizes these cross-cultural relations standing at the core of the global economic and social development. More importantly, the chapter highlights the impact of Christianity on the development of economic and commercial roots between the Western and Eastern world, as well as da Gama’s contributions to these developments. Further in the chapter, the author attains much importance to the aspects of cordiality and hospitality as the underpinnings for establishing fruitful relations between the two economies. Da Gama, therefore, was a pioneer applying cultural knowledge to enriching practical skills of cultural interaction. To explai n the process of cultural integration, the author refers to the depiction of da Gama’s initiatives in arranging the dinner Arab negotiators. Hence, creating a hospital and friendly atmosphere was the first step in forwarding successful exchange of products. Demonstrating respect for the Muslim religion was another efficient approach that da Gama applied to gain confidence in foreign traders. In particular, the explorer kept the Koran so as to demonstrate respect for religion and culture.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter Review: The Epic First Voyage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While managing conflicts, da Gama’s expedition crew proved that trade relations could be based on the principle of expressing both cordiality and power. In fact, the explorers demonstrated that they were able to protect themselves and attack the foreigners. In this respect, the chapter provides an example of da Gamaâ €™s capture of several African Muslims during negotiations to demonstrate their ability to protect and defeat. Thus, although peaceful intentions on the part of da Gama’s crew were obvious, the two sides of commercial debates were on the guard of expressing hostilities. Despite these challenges, the Portuguese merchants ready to avoid critical situations and reach the consensus over the terms of the commodity exchange. Despite the success in managing foreign negotiation, da Gama and his crew faces serious challenges and conflict with the indigenous population in Africa. The experience described in the chapter can also serve as a valuable guide in the modern world of trade and commerce to avoid conflict situations. More importantly, the emerged contradictions also show the situations under which the negotiations were conducted. Understanding the details presented in the chronological order, one can trace valuable patterns of arranging trade and shaping a favorable climate for promoting commercial activities. Highlights from da Gama’s dramatic life provide an extensive overview of trade issues in a broader context. As the explorer conquered new cultural and territorial boundaries, he made more valuable contributions to the evaluation and development of new markets that are still considered in the modern world. Although the chapter exposes a chronological, detailed account of Vasco da Gama’s life, accurate and day-by-day description often prevents the reader from deducing important information about the role of the Portuguese explorations in shaping economic and commercial relations at the international market. Nevertheless, heavy reliance on details allows the readers to understand the evidence-based approach used by the author to render the importance of historic events. While exploring the African territories and India, Vasco da Gama and his people revealed themselves as exceptional seamen, skillful military leaders, and peaceful negot iators. By trials and errors, the Portuguese fleet gained much experience in negotiating with African and Indian indigenous population. Using hospitality and cordiality as the basis for establishing commercial relations, the crew discovered efficient marketing strategies that fostered trade activities and widened the European influence on the Muslim world.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While confronting the religious issues in the Indian world, da Gama faced less friction with the indigenous population. In particular, the chapter provides an overview of the crew’s experience in communicating with the Indian Christian and analyzing the differences in their perception of religion. In addition, the explorers paid close attention to the role of language in successful interaction and negotiation with both Africans and Indian peoples. In conclusion, it should be stated that the chapter provides a detailed account of the journey of the Portuguese fleet, particularly their experience in facing different cultures, societies and religions. The chapter also focuses on aspects that have a potent impact on the development of fruitful commercial relations in the Muslim world and India. By evaluating the commercial techniques, the author points out the contributions of Vasco da Gama and his crew to the development of international relations, as well as to trade activities between the Western and Easten world. More importantly, the biographical account also fosters readers’ understanding of how commerce has been developing in the course of time. Finally, the overview of the historic journey provides a wider picture of confrontations and conflicts between cultures, as well as how those confrontations were managed by the parties. Ames, Glen. The First Epic Voyage: Preparations and the Coasts of Africa. Vasco da Gama: Renaissance Crusader. Ed. Glen Ames. New York: Pearson, 2004. Print. 17-43

Heat Transfer Radiation Lab Report Essay Example

Heat Transfer Radiation Lab Report Essay Example Heat Transfer Radiation Lab Report Paper Heat Transfer Radiation Lab Report Paper Natural convection is more prevalent at lower temperatures whereas radiation is more prevalent at higher temperatures Possible Sources of error: conduction from the heated cylinder to its housing tube changes in ambient temperature Variations in surface temperature Heat Transfer by Convection and uses possible Heat typically does not flow through liquids and gases by means of conduction. Liquids and gases are fluids; their particles are not fixed in place; they move bout the bulk of the sample of matter. The model used for explaining heat transfer through the bulk of liquids and gases involves convection. Convection is the process of heat transfer from one location to the next by the movement of fluids. The moving fluid carries energy with it. The fluid flows from a high temperature location to a low temperature location. [pica] (Images courtesy Peter Lewis and Chris West of Standards SLACK. ) To understand convection in fluids, Consider the heat transfer through the water that is being heated in a pot on a stove. The source of the heat is the stove burner. The metal pot that holds the water is heated by the stove burner. As the metal becomes hot, it begins to conduct heat to the water. The water at the boundary with the metal pan becomes hot. Fluids expand when heated and become less dense. So as the water at the bottom of the pot becomes hot, its density decreases. The differences in water density between the bottom of the pot, and the top of the pot results in the gradual formation of circulation currents. Hot water begins to rise to the top of the pot displacing the colder water that was originally there. And the colder water that was present at the pop of the pot moves towards the bottom of the pot where it is heated and begins to rise. These circulation currents slowly develop over time, providing the pathway for heated water to transfer energy from the bottom of the pot to the surface. Convection also explains how an electric heater placed on the floor of a cold room warms up the air in the room. Air present near the coils of the heater warm up. As the air warms up, it expands, becomes less dense and begins to rise. As the hot air rises, it pushes some of the cold air near the top of the room out of the way. The cold air moves towards the bottom of the room to place the hot air that has risen. As the colder air approaches the heater at the bottom of the room, it becomes warmed by the heater and begins to rise. Once more, convection currents are slowly formed. Air travels along these pathways, carrying energy with it from the heater throughout the room. Convection is the main method of heat transfer in fluids such as water and air. It is often said that heat rises in these situations. The more appropriate explanation is to say that heated fluid rises. For instance, as the heated air rises from the heater on a floor, it carries more energetic particles with it. As the more energetic particles of the heated air mix with the cooler air near the ceiling, the average kinetic energy of the air near the top of the room increases. This increase in the average kinetic energy corresponds to an increase in temperature. The net result of the rising hot fluid is the transfer of heat from one location to another location. The convection method of heat transfer always involves the transfer of heat by the movement of matter. The two examples of convection discussed here heating water in a pot and heating air in a room are examples of natural convection. The riving force of the circulation of fluid is natural differences in density between two locations as the result of fluid being heated at some source. (Some sources introduce the concept of buoyant forces to explain why the heated fluids rise. We will not pursue such explanations here. ) Natural convection is common in nature. The earths oceans and atmosphere are heated by natural convection. In contrast to natural convection, forced convection involves fluid being forced from one location to another by fans, pumps and other devices. Many home heating systems involve force air heating. Air is heated at a furnace and blown by fans through ductwork and released into rooms at vent locations. This is an example of forced convection. The movement of the fluid from the hot location (near the furnace) to the cool location (the rooms throughout the house) is driven or forced by a fan. Some ovens are forced convection ovens; they have fans that blow heated air from a heat source into the oven. Some fireplaces enhance the heating ability of the fire by blowing heated air from the fireplace unit into the adjacent room. This is another example of forced convection. Heat Transfer by Radiation A final method of heat transfer involves radiation. Radiation is the transfer of heat by means of electromagnetic waves. To radiate means to send out or spread from a central location. Whether it is light, sound, waves, rays, flower petals, wheel spokes or pain, if something radiates then it protrudes or spreads outward from an origin. The transfer of heat by radiation involves the carrying of energy from an origin to the space surrounding it. The energy is carried by electromagnetic waves and does not involve the movement or the interaction of matter. Thermal radiation can occur through matter or through a region of pace that is void of matter (i. E. , a vacuum). In fact, the heat received on Earth from the sun is the result of electromagnetic waves traveling through the void of space between the Earth and the sun. All objects radiate energy in the form of electromagnetic waves. The rate at which this energy is released is proportional to the Kelvin temperature (T) raised to the fourth power. Radiation rate = kit (Images courtesy Peter Lewis and Chris West of Standards SLACK. ) The hotter the object, the more it radiates. The sun obviously radiates off more energy than a hot mug of coffee. The temperature also affects the wavelength and frequency of the radiated waves. Objects at typical room temperatures radiate energy as infrared waves. Being invisible to the human eye, we do not see this form of radiation. An infrared camera is capable of detecting such radiation. Perhaps you have seen thermal photographs or videos of the radiation surrounding a person or animal or a hot mug of coffee or the Earth. The energy radiated from an object is usually a collection or range of wavelengths. This is usually referred to as an emission spectrum. As the temperature of an object increases, the avalanches within the spectra of the emitted radiation also decrease. Hotter objects tend to emit shorter wavelength, higher frequency radiation. The coils of an electric toaster are considerably hotter than room temperature and emit electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectrum. Fortunately, this provides a convenient warning to its users that the coils are hot. The tungsten filament of an incandescent light bulb emits electromagnetic radiation in the visible (and beyond) range. This radiation not only allows us to see, it also warms the glass bulb that contains the filament. Put your hand near the bulb (without touching it)

Technology Changes Healthcare Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Technology Changes Healthcare - Case Study Example The networked hospital TV’s apart from providing entertainment to patients also present health-related videos approved by the nurses. Moreover, patients can give the complaints and ideas through the TV interactive system. The healthcare organizations are unable to obtain the return on technology investment. The vital role played by Technology plays in healthcare organizations can go unnoticed by the management as suggested by Ogallaga (n.d). Technology in healthcare centers seems to operate a seamless supply chain despite the industry being inundated by errors that make the process slow, increasing costs, providing incorrect products to the wrong people. Technology has led to deterioration of management confidence in their healthcare organization’s capacity to support the anticipated benefit from its technological investments. This is due to inadequate IT running and communication. The healthcare organizations should adopt the execution of an enterprise wide Information Technology preparation and management strategy according to Ogallaga (n.d). This is to achieve a return on technology investment. Healthcare organizations must invest in technology that provide a return on investment and are managed by users with less cost. Additionally, healthcare institutions should support the administration by providing decision support systems that give incredible return on investment can be used without constant IT support. Similarly, in the education industry significant success brought about by technology, for instance, learners have access to wide range of information. There are also highly technological laboratory equipments used by science students. Technology has played a significant role in healthcare. This is depicted in most hospitals where use of technology has enabled networking of physicians, easy access to

Minow's dilemma critical evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Minow's dilemma critical evaluation - Essay Example While forgetting may seem an alluring option for some, unwilling as they are to face the disquietude brought about by rousing old skeletons, there is a greater ethical and moral imperative to exhume the past if only to serve as lessons for the future. In her important book entitled â€Å"Between Vengeance and Forgiveness: Facing History After Genocide and Mass Violence†, Martha Minow looks at the range of institutional responses that have been crafted with the end in view of seeking justice for the victims of mass atrocities and demanding accountability from the perpetrators. The ethical imperative of incorporating justice into efforts towards peace in a post-conflict context is at the heart of the transitional justice project. Its premise is that war and conflict have brought about a slew of human rights and international humanitarian law violations which demand accountability from its perpetrators and reparation for its victims. Minow uses this framework in her book as she p roblematizes the difficulties of navigating the complex road to justice, in the complex terrain and conditions of a post-conflict situation. Minow, however, presented a crucial dilemma when she stated that "The central premise of individual responsibility portrays defendants as separate people capable of autonomous choice- when the phenomena of mass atrocities render that assumption at best problematic" (1998: 46). This is a dilemma because it articulates a conflict between the desire to prosecute individual perpetrators for war crimes and crimes against humanity, and the realization that the mass atrocities were taking place amid extraordinary conditions and assigning individual criminal responsibility to the perpetrators – even if they were the leaders or the heads of the military – does not capture the depth and breadth and magnitude of the phenomenon at hand. This paper will explore this dilemma even further, and will demonstrate that while there is persuasive valu e to individual criminal responsibility, it is an injustice to constrain or limit oneself to the institutional and legal mechanisms that seek accountability for individual criminal behavior without looking at the conditions that gave rise to the atrocity. To quote Franke (2001: 1), â€Å"Justice is, of course, a very complex ethical, legal, institutional and emotional problem, and its aspirations are rendered all the more difficult in transitional societies that are struggling with unstable governance, security and economic institutions.†. Certainly, there are cases where individual criminal responsibility may be very clearly gleaned. Historical accounts have it that on April 25, 1987, Slobodan Milosevic, the fallen President of Serbia, went to Kosovo Polje and was met with a crowd of fifteen thousand Serbs, including an old man who suddenly shouted to Milosevic that the ethnic Albanians were beating them. Milosevic responded by calling out to the man, â€Å"No one shall dar e beat you again.† As if these remarks were not incendiary enough, he proceeded to say, â€Å"This is your land, your fields, your gardens; your memories are here†. A decade later, under Milosevic’s watch, in defense of fields, gardens and memories, Serbian forces unleashed ethnic

Home video game industry Essay Example for Free

Home video game industry Essay In 1972 founders Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney scrounged $50,000 from family, friends and local banks, formed their own company. They hired Alan Alcorn who created Pong and put a sample unit in Andy Capps Tavern in suburban Sunnyvale to see if anyone would play it. Twenty-four hours later, the owner called Bushnell in a rage and demanded that he get over to the bar with his tool kit as soon as possiblethe prototype game had broken down because it was being flooded with money. Pong was more than a game of Ping-Pong on a video screen. This was the beginning of Atari, while Atari made millions off the game consoles, they sold the software to many other major companies, and in turn they came out with their own version of pong. Although Atari saw profits from software royalties they kicked themselves out of the video game markets as other companies were using the pong model to penetrate the market. At the time of the U. S. crash, there were numerous consoles on the market, including the Atari 2600, Atari 5200, Bally Astrocade, ColecoVision, Emerson Arcadia 2001 Magnavox Odyssey 2,and the Vectrex. Home computers had more memory and faster processors than a console, they permitted more sophisticated games. They could also be used for tasks such as word processing and home accounting. Games were easier to duplicate, since they could be packaged as floppy disks or cassette tapes instead of ROM modules. This opened the field to third-party software developers. In 1986, Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi noted that Atari collapsed because they gave too much freedom to third-party developers and the market was swamped with rubbish games. In response, Nintendo limited the number of titles that third-party developers could release for their system each year, and promoted its Seal of Quality, which it allowed to be used on games and peripherals by publishers that met Nintendos quality standards]. The North American video game crash had two long-lasting results. The first result was that dominance in the home console market shifted from the United States to Japan. When the video game market recovered in the late 1980s, Nintendos NES was by far the dominant console, leaving only a fraction of the market to a resurgent Atari battling Segas Master System for the number-two spot soon after. By 1989, home video game sales in the United States had reached $5 billion, surpassing the 1982 peak of $3 billion during the previous generation. A large majority of the market was controlled by Nintendo, whose NES ultimately sold more than 35 million units in the United States, exceeding the sales of other consoles and personal computers by a considerable margin With the introduction of the Sega Genesis in America, Sega of America launched an anti-Nintendo campaign to carry the momentum to the new generation of games, with its slogan Genesis does what Nintendont. This was initially implemented by Sega of America President Michael Katz. When Nintendo launched its Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1991, Sega changed its slogan to Welcome to the next level. Sega re-branded itself with a new game and mascot, Sonic the Hedgehog. This shift led to a wider success for the Genesis and would eventually propel Sega to 65% of the market in North America for a brief time. On May 11, 1995, Sega released the Sega Saturn in the American market. Segas first CD console that was not an add on, utilized two 32-bit processors and preceded both the Sony PlayStation and the Nintendo 64 The lack of a strong Sonic and its high price in comparison to the PlayStation were among the reasons for the failure of the console. The 3DO Company lacked the resources to manufacture consoles themselves, and instead licensed the hardware to other companies for manufacturing. Trip Hawkins recounted that they approached every electronics manufacturer, but that their chief targets were Sony and Panasonic, the two largest consumer electronics companies in the world. Founder trip Hawkins thought by selling his software to the main markets he could penetrate the market with a high price brining in a high profit margin. The launch price of the Play Station in the American market was US$299, undercutting their competitors, but knew that they would sell more consoles and make profit in the long-term. Xbox entered the console market because of a direct threat from Sony. They thought that consoles would take over web-browsing and directly hurt their main network in home computer systems. With annual revenues of close to 20 billion dollars Microsoft decided to invest 4 billion to develop the Xbox. With already a huge brand name and high product value in the computer market, Xbox was a massive success in the gaming network knowing they had the capability to keep up with the technical aspects of the other competitors. While Nintendo’s Game Cube was a bust, Nintendo knew they needed to use knew software in order to compete with the dominating Xbox and Play Stations new motion sensitive technology was cheap to integrate in software and Nintendo took advantage of that market. The Nintendo Wii launched in 2007, used old game that branded the Nintendo name including The Mario Brothers, which appealed to both old and new generations. Technology is driving the new markets, but Nintendo, Sony and Microsoft control the gaming market of today because of their ability to create affordable gaming while still being innovating.

deviance :: essays research papers

SUMMARY OF DEVIANCE In the eighth chapter of â€Å"Sociology†, I. Robertson explains that there are many definitions about deviance but not enough, so he tries to find closer one and clarify the deviance. He starts with a question which is â€Å"who is deviant?† and lists of its answers.In the list of its answers, Robertson benefits from Simons` study and he says that; â€Å"the words refer to people and acts that other people strongly disapprove of †(23).On the other hand, Robertson then counters it with conflicting topic of sociological literature.He claims that the concept of this definition is found slippery one by sociologists.After this idea,Robertson questions second definition which is â€Å"dviance is any behavior that doesn`t conform to social norms†(24).However, Robertson judges this definiton as not helpful.He exemplifies that eating three meals in a day can be deviant behavior for some unimportant social norms.Therefore, Robertson argues that minor deviations are n`t included in the particular sociological interest.He claims that the main idea of sociological interest is about violations which are regarded as offensive by majority of people. And he says that one word is stigma – a bad reputation or disapproving by a lot of people. After this analysis, he benefits from second definition and improves it, so he finally declares a definition, which is â€Å"deviance refers to behavior or characteristics that violate significant social norms and expectations and are negatively valued by large numbers of people as a result†(24). He emphasizes that this definition clarifies deviance more than others. He continues with clarification of deviance by helping of main three points. Firstly, he claims that there is no close relationship between deviance and statistical rarity. He exemplifies that jogging before the breakfast can be unusual statistically but not a reason for deviance. However, Robertson then states that some norms can be modified or abandoned time to time. He makes clear it with an example that premarital sex was prohibited in American society several years ago. However, nowadays the majority of American society admits this event normally. As a result, Robertson declares firmly that norms can lose their force or influence as time passes. Secondly, Robertson argues about division of â€Å"normals† and â€Å"deviants†. He explains briefly that there is no class between normals and deviants. He illustrates that if we divide people as thieves, patients (mental disordered) or drug users, we will have a few â€Å"normal† people. In addition to them, Robert son says, â€Å"deviance is relative†(25).

300 †a Gender Analysis Essay

Gender The film industry has created the conventional gender roles of society into their movies; A majority of films have supported some of the male and female stereotypes. In the history of the film industry, the role of men is primarilythat of the stereotypical working class man or hero, while the roles of women are primarily portrayed as being somewhat inferior to men. In the 1930s through the 1970s, men held the leading roles in films while women played smaller roles. Men were typically employed, successful gentlemen, while the woman’s only job was a housewife. The film industry was mostly dominated by men. In terms of jobs, women were given mostly family roles and rarely were shown outside of their homes, while men had successful careers and did many activities outside of home. â€Å"Women were shown doing housework and men were the beneficiaries of their work† (â€Å"Women’s roles in the film industry† Women in film). As women were given a more active role in society, the gender roles in movies changed. However, many types of gender stereotypes in films still exist. Action genre movies in particular account for many of the gender stereotypes in the film industry today. Men are typically portrayed to be the hero, while women are often portrayed as sexual objects. In the movie 300, the Spartan men served and protected the city of Sparta, while the Spartan women did domestic chores and bred more warriors. Because this movie was set back in 480 BC society portrayed men to be superior to women. Some of the main characters in 300 are prime examples for the different gender roles. King Leonidas is the proud, triumphant King of Sparta. In the film, the character Leonidas possesed as a couple different male stereotypes. King Leonidas is portrayed as the hero throughout the different action sequences. Throughout the movie Leonidas takes charge of his troops and leads them into battle. Leonidas is hero not only because he is the King of Sparta, but also because he is the commander of the troops. Before King Leonidas leaves for battle with his three-hundred Spartans, he confronts his wife and refrains from saying â€Å"My queen, my life, my love,† because he, like all other Spartans, is not soft and does not want to show emotion to his queen (Zack Snyder. 00). The narrator speaks of how Spartan men are raised like brutes and are â€Å"hard warriors† (Zack Snyder. 300). This particular phrase is important to the story because it reflects the gender role of men during that time period. King Leonidas can also be classified as the family man stereotype. Throughout the film he trains his young son for battle. He plays the role of protector not only for his individual family, but also for Spart a. In the movie 300, King Leonidas represents many male stereotypes. In contrast, the character Queen Gorgo stands for many female stereotypes in the movie. The queen portrays the domestic female stereotype. In the film Queen Gorgo cares for her young son and stays at home while her husband, King Leonidas, is fighting for their country. Like many of the women in the film, Queen Gorgo performs many domestic tasks such as retrieving food and water for her family, as well as looking after her child. Queen Gorgo is also a sex object. She is easily seduced by her King. She bribesone of the councilmen with sex. At times in the film the Queen, among many other women, wear little clothing. The 300 Spartans also wear little clothing in the film. Due to the lack of clothing, the Spartans show their ripped and brute physique to reinforce the male stereotype of being brawny and strong. Lastly, the queen represents the female stereotype of beauty. The queen is an attractive woman with a small frame, much like how the media portrays what a woman should look like. Her attractive looks and sexual qualities are a large part of Queen Gorgo’s character. Queen Gorgo represents an abundance of the female stereotypes in society. The captain of the Spartan troops also shows male stereotypes. The captain is a close ally of King Leonidas. Throughout the film, the captain portrays the male stereotype of being a family man. The captain’s son, Astinos, is barely old enough to be in battle with the Persians. The captain is skeptical of allowing his son to enter battle, but decides to encourage him to serve their country. Throughout the different battles with the Persians, the captain protects his son from harm. When Astinos is killed by Persians, the captain goes on an extremely violent tirade and kills every Persian in sight due to his overpowering vengeance. After the death of his son, the captain proclaims to the king that his heart is filled with hate, and King Leonidas replies â€Å"Good. † King Leonidas feels that it is necessary for a soldier to feel hatred toward his enemies. This particular scene portrays another male characteristic of not showing emotion towards a certain subject. The captain is another character that shows the male stereotype present in this film. Although many of the characters in the movie portray the prevalent male and female stereotypes in society, there are a few characters that stray away from these social formalities. Councilman Theron is an example of one of the characters that does not abide to the brute and warrior stereotypes in the film 300. Theron is no older than the Spartan men who fight for their city, but he lacks the physical strength that the Spartan warriors possess. Because Theron is not a typical man in Sparta, he wears a gown that is similar to the gowns worn by Spartan women. Along with Councilman Theron, there are other men that are on the council of Sparta. These men are far less in physical size than the Spartan warrior and are given duties that are similar to women. The men in the council are unique to the majority of men in Sparta that serve their city. Since the men wear â€Å"woman-like† clothing, it labels women’s apparel to be very revealing. These men reinforce some of the women stereotypes prevalent in the film. There are also some specific scenes in the movie that break some of the male and female stereotypes. Directly after Astinos is killed in battle, the Captain begins to break down and cry. The captain immediately showed his emotion for the loss of his son. This scene in the movie shows how even the most masculine man has to show some emotion at some point in time. In the end of the battle against the Persians, after King Leonidas has been shot by many arrows, he stands up and shouts, â€Å"My queen, my life, my love† (Zack Snyder. 300). This phrase is contradictory to the general actions of Spartans, and men in general, because it shows emotion. Both of these sequences in the film show how every man must show emotion, regardless of who they are. 300 demonstrated the many male and female stereotypes in society. Although most of the men were relatively similar, there were a few men in Sparta who went against the normal gender role. Like many other action movies, 300 showed various roles that supported some of the gender roles in the film industry. The main characters primarily demonstrated the conventional gender roles, but they also expressed some contradictory qualities. The film industry provides arious different types of gender roles through movies. â€Å"advertising. † Home | Saint Mary’s College, Notre Dame, IN. 20 Apr. 2009 ;lt; http://www. diigo. com/05lfx â€Å"Women in Film. † Yahoo! GeoCities: Get a free web site with easy-to-use site building tools. 20 Apr. 2009 ;lt; http://www. diigo. com/05lfw â€Å"300 Movie – Spartans. † Mens Movie Guide. 20 Apr. 2009 ;lt; http://www. diigo. c om/05lfv 300 (Widescreen Single Disc Edition). Dir. Zack Snyder. Perf. Gerard Butler, Lena Headey. DVD. Warner Bros. Pictures Distribution, Warner Bros. Pictures International, 2006.

Muhammad The Prophet Essay

Muhammad is considered in Islam to be a messenger and prophet sent by God to guide humanity to the right way. He is considered as the last in a series of prophets sent by God. The Quran is believed to have been presented to Muhammad by God. Muhammad is know as the greatest of all prophets to the Muslims, and his religion as the only accepted religion of God. He is seen by Muslims as a possessor of all virtues. The scattered verses of the Prophet had been inscribed not only on date leaves and shreds of leather but on â€Å"the hearts of men.† Muller says, â€Å"Now Muhammad had certainly not lived like an angel† referring to how Muhammad had raided one of their caravans in the holy month of pilgrimage. He also says this because in 632 Muhammad confused his followers by dying. In war Muhammad lied to his men promising them that if they were to die in battle that they would marry seventy dark-eyed virgins. Muhammad also had preached gospels that where unholy. I his gospels he encouraged war and had no message of peace. He also had eleven wives making him unholy, but this had to do with the time and place that he lived in. to everyone but strong Muslims Muhammad was a bad person and a mortal. But to the Muslims he was a descendent of God. Yet Muhammad was a great man, superior to his time and place. He not only preached but practiced a morality that was superior to his era. If he could be ruthless, he was more often gentle, kind, generous. He could be Christ like in his sympathy for the weak and poor. Through the fog of tradition one can see an attractive humanity, as in his unfailing courtesy touched by shyness. His humble sharing of the household chores. You can understand why he was so deeply loved by those around him. Muhammad is like Jesus in the sense that he showed complete dedication to his God. He also had a power of personality that had as deep of an impression on his followers as Jesus made on his. His basic teaching is clearer and more nearly uniform than that attributed to Jesus. The theme of more than half of the Koran is about an absolutely pure monotheism. â€Å"There is no god but God.† Allah is the God preached by the prophets, from Abraham and Ishmael through Moses to Jesus, and revealed in the Scriptures of the Jews and the Christians. Abraham was the true founder of the faith, Muhammad the last prophet, and the Koran the final perfect revelation

Attachment Disorder essays

Attachment Disorder essays This paper explores issues related to the lack of establishing an infant bond during the critical stage of child development. The paper focuses how the lack of proper bonding may result in ongoing emotional, social, developmental and behavioral problems. It briefly discusses the diagnosis of Reactive Attachment Disorder and techniques useful in treatment children diagnosed with attachment disorders. The topic discussed is largely related to a personal case study. As the twig is bent, so the trees inclined. (Chinese proverb) I have always felt strongly that the environment in which a child is raised during the first few years of life can leave scars that last a lifetime. This opinion results from my own childhood in a dysfunctional family, from observing those who had things worse than I did, and from observing children who were adopted into loving families after two or more years of age. My limited knowledge of the field of psychology backs this opinion. Erikson has concluded that childhood is the scene of mans beginning as man, the place where our particular virtues and vices slowly but clearly develop and make themselves felt. He has further explained that babyhood is a time of basic trust the individual learns to view the world as safe, reliable, and nurturing; or a time of basic distrust- the individual learns to view the world as full of threat, unpredictability, and treachery. Which the child will learn, Erikson explained, will depend on how parents gratify the childs needs for food, atten tion, and love. Once learned these attitudes will color the individuals perceptions and people throughout life (Hurlock, p. 25). Observing families who had adopted children over two years of age I began to wonder if the scars of mistreatment in infancy could ever effectively be overcome. I have observed results ranging from emotional instabilit...

How to Make an Audiobook Step-by-Step [With Video]

How to Make an Audiobook Step-by-Step [With Video] How to Make an Audiobook Step-by-Step [With Video] Not having an audiobook version of your book might, quite likely, be the death of your success. Which means you must know how to make an audiobook to fix that.We’re in the age of podcasts, radio apps, and audiobooks, and now couldn’t be a better time to convert your eBook into an audiobook. But many writers get scared off by the thought of creating an audiobook.â€Å"Isn’t it expensive?† â€Å"Won’t it take a ton of time?† â€Å"How do I even do it?!?† Thankfully, self-publishing an audiobook now is as easy as self-publishing your book. It has become cost-effective and approachable for self-published authors, and there is a range of options depending on the budget you want to spend on it.Here are the steps for how to make an audiobook:Prep your book for audiobook recordingDecide who will record itHire an audiobook narratorRecord the audiobook yourselfWork with an audiobook producerCreate the audiobook at homeUpload your audiobook to AC XHere are the exact steps you need to follow, and our suggestions for turning your book into the next big audiobook.

Burke's arguments against the French Revolution Essay

Burke's arguments against the French Revolution - Essay Example Burke’s work concerns two important consequences of the French Revolution. First, is his focus on aspects connected with the ‘terror’, and second, are those aspects of French thought which had gone into informing the general tenets of individual liberty and democracyBurke’s work concerns two important consequences of the French Revolution with respect to the present discussion. First, is his focus on aspects connected with the ‘terror’, and second, are those aspects of French thought which had gone into informing the general tenets of individual liberty and democracy. In both senses, and to the extent that these are examined mostly from a historical standpoint, he is deeply concerned with the consequences of various forms of change. That is, and in his own words, he is not interested in problems in the â€Å"abstract principles† [Burke, 1987: 109] . The terror is a period of history marking the French Revolution, and it is characterized as the term suggests, with extreme acts of depravity. During the reign of the French terror, priests, aristocrat's and various sympathizers were often indiscriminately burned or hanged – and, private property suffered a similar fate: â€Å"frauds, impostures, violences, rapines, burnings, murders, confiscations, compulsory paper currencies, and every description of tyranny and cruelty employed to bring about and to uphold this Revolution have their nature effect, that is, to shock the moral sentiments of all virtuous and sober minds, the abettors of this philosophic system immediately strain their throats in a declamation against the old monarchical government of France† [Burke, 1987: 108]. The ‘terror’ poses a number of problems for Burke. It was a period of history – contemporary as he writes this work, where freedom was equated with a complete disregard for â€Å"moral sentiments of all virtuous and sober minds†. For Burke, the lack of hie rarchy and political authority, results in barbarous extremes or indeed, chaos. He does equivocate in his condemnation of this situation, but what is important, is that it informs his judgment of what ‘the state of nature’ or a ‘state without authority’ is characteristic of. As a subject of Britain, he raises much concerning the Revolution of 1688, but sees a far more positive outcome. The ‘Glorious Revolution’ in Britain, brought about the institution of Parliament, and for Burke the English predilection to constitutional authority, is much preferred to the terror in this respect. Aside from the extremes of the ‘terror’, he views greater autonomy and freedom with cultural and not simply political repercussions. In this sense, he might be regarded as a Platonist or an elitist. That is, a hierarchy must be maintained not simply to exert direct political control or authority, but also to convey a moral standard or what might be descr ibed as a standard of ‘taste’, so to speak. By this, it is implied to the extent that he is critical of the ‘decadence’ that greater freedom and autonomy (especially in Britain) has brought about. One could describe this social criticism as essentially a critique of the ‘nouveau riche’, over and against the preferred sentiments of aristocratic values. Concerning the nouveau riche, for example, he asserts: â€Å"Why should the expenditure of a great landed property, which is a dispersion of the surplus product of the soil, appear intolerable to you or to me when it takes its course through the accumulation of vast libraries [Burke, 1987: 142]. The freedom of the many – or, even a ‘select’ many (e.g. the Bourgeoisie) is a condition which Burke is deeply critical of.. The above passage suggests that ‘wealth’ or â€Å"surplus† is better spent on the preservation of libraries than on the forms of entertainmen t that appealed to the growing middle classes. The status quo for Burke, is a hierarchy which is not merely constitutional, but also social. His criticism of freedom is thus political and social. Thus, the undermining of authority for Burke, can be understood as extending from both direct (the terror) and indirect forms (cultural, e.g. the ‘nouveau riche’), and in both senses, he regards the consequences as central with respect to what he does regard as the proper political authorit

Gas Adsorption in Metal-Organic Frameworks Essay

Gas Adsorption in Metal-Organic Frameworks - Essay Example This is essentially a tool to custom build materials for various ranges of gas adsorption requirements. Also, the new materials can adsorb gases both superficially and morphologically, which is probably why they are capable of adsorbing larger volumes of gases reversibly than any other materials available today. The specific properties that determine the functionalities of the final product are the length and functionalities of the organic units as well as the number of rings that are within these units. The metallic portions aid in the process of strengthening the bonds within the crystalline structures of the materials which are thus quite robust and can thus undergo adsorption without breaking up. The true implications of these combined functionalities of these new materials are that they can be utilized for such urgent functions as adsorbing greenhouse emission gases like carbon dioxide and energy-relevant gases like hydrogen. Two major problems that face the World community at large are - global warming and the energy crisis. The first is a phenomenon that is created by the annually increasing emission of carbon dioxide as a result of burning of fossil fuels to meet energy needs. Emission statistics shows that the volume of emission has been steadily increasing yearly since the industrial revolution of the 18th and 19th century when large-scale usage of fossil fuels began to feed the energy needs of organized industry. The increasing yearly discharge of the gas from that time has upset the balance of natural composition of the atmosphere. Though carbon dioxide is being increasingly released into the atmosphere it is not being removed from it at the same rate. The result is excessive percentage of the gas in the atmosphere. Since the gas is relatively heavy it remains close to the ground acting

Barn Burning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Barn Burning - Essay Example Somewhere deep inside, Sarty just want to do what he personally thinks is right but because of his very young ager I do not think he reasonably has thought of that yet. His concept of right and wrong has been largely influenced by his dictatorial father. We as well get an idea of the character of Abner through the manner Sarty depicts his physical appearance. After reading the story, I suddenly thought of my own family and ask myself at what point should an individual break his/her ties to his/her family when the revelation of the truth is involved? Parents, specifically fathers, tend to be tyrannical in their manner of instilling values to their children which at times hides the truth from a young heart and mind. This is the moral dilemma that is vividly explored in the story and one that is confronted by many Christians. Christians have been taught to love and respect their families even at times of moral difficulties. But religion also teaches us to lean to the truth and never distort the things that actually transpired. At one time in my life, I was confronted with this decision of either conforming with the morality that my father instilled in me, or asserting my own version of morality and individuality through escaping or running away, by abandoning my family and the pain that I was enduring. However, just like Sarty, I realized that the tyranny of my father is an expression of his own individuality which is shaped and represented by everything that is actually morally wrong and wicked, yet remains to be my own hero of truth. I strongly believe that family ties form a moral commitment on the individual, but consequently, fails to acknowledge the imminent that there is a greater morality which might demand the individual to take action upon the binding family

Early Marriage Essay Example for Free

Early Marriage Essay Marriage is the union of a man and a woman who makes a permanent and exclusive commitment to each other of the type that is naturally fulfilled by bearing and rearing children together. It is essentially a union of hearts and minds, enhanced by whatever forms of sexual intimacy both partners find agreeable but, there are numerous problems a couple can face when marriage happens at an early stage for them. Early marriage is also referred to as child marriage, where emotional and social effects take place, but one of the most common outcomes of early marriage is the withdrawal of girls from formal education. Education is important as it is not all about studying and getting good marks, but it means to discover new things and to gain a vast amount of knowledge. It would be one of the largest losses to a girl if she is married young. As India’s first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru said, â€Å"If u educate a man, you educate an individual; however, if you educate a woman you educate a whole family†. Couples that are married young may also lead to financial problems to occur. As a result, it brings them to poverty, the deprivation of basic human needs. Lack of proper education; do not help the inexperience couples to receive large income for the profession they do. Furthermore, children who grow up in poverty suffer more persistent than children who grow up under better financial circumstances. In addition, children in poverty have a greater risk of displaying behaviour and emotional problems, such as impulsiveness and difficulty getting along with their parents. Although money does not buy happiness, it is true that a financially unstable family can create tensions. Read more: Short Essay on Child Marriage Well, women believe that becoming a parent early means giving your body a better chance to recover from the childbearing demands, which works through preserving your youth. Gynecologists approve of the fact that the early you conceive, the more fit you stay. This could be true but not in all circumstances. It would not be beneficial at all as it increases the risk of dying and a higher chance that the newborn will not survive. According to the studies, mothers in this age group have 20 to 200 percent

The Id, Ego and Superego in Lord of the Flies :: Lord Flies Essays

The Id, Ego and Superego in Lord of the Flies      Ã‚  Ã‚   In viewing the various aspects of the island society in Golding's Lord of the Flies as a symbolic microcosm of society, a converse perspective must also be considered. Golding's island of marooned youngsters then becomes a macrocosm, wherein the island represents the individual human and the various characters and symbols the elements of the human psyche. As such, Golding's world of children's morals and actions then becomes a survey of the human condition, both individually and collectively.    Almost textbook in their portrayal, the primary characters of Jack, Ralph and Piggy are then best interpreted as Freud's very concepts of id, ego and superego, respectively. As the id of the island, Jack's actions are the most blatantly driven by animalistic rapacious gratification needs. In discovering the thrill of the hunt, his pleasure drive is emphasized, purported by Freud to be the basic human need to be gratified. In much the same way, Golding's portrayal of a hunt as a rape, with the boys ravenously jumping atop the pig and brutalizing it, alludes to Freud's basis of the pleasure drive in the libido, the term serving a double Lntendre in its psychodynamic and physically sensual sense.  Ã‚   Jack's unwillingness to acknowledge the conch as the source of centrality on the island and Ralph as the seat of power is consistent with the portrayal of his particular self-importance. Freud also linked the id to what he called the destructive drive, the aggressiveness of self-ruin. J ack's antithetical lack of compassion for nature, for others, and ultimately for himself is thoroughly evidenced in his needless hunting, his role in the brutal murders of Simon and Piggy, and finally in his burning of the entire island, even at the cost of his own life.    In much the same way, Piggy's demeanor and very character links him to the superego, the conscience factor in Freud's model of the psyche. Golding marks Piggy with the distinction of being more intellectually mature than the others, branding him with a connection to a higher authority: the outside world. It is because the superego is dependent on outside support that Piggy fares the worst out of the three major characters in the isolation of the island. Piggy is described as being more socially compatible with adults, and carries himself with a sense of rationale and purpose that often serves as Ralph's moral compass in crisis; although Ralph initially uses the conch to call the others, it is Piggy who possesses the knowledge to blow it as a signal despite his inability to do so.

Charles Dickens Essay

Examine the presentation of the three spirits and Marley’s ghost in â€Å"A Christmas carol† and show the differences and similarities in their appearance, attitude towards Scrooge and the effect upon him. Consider also the spectre in â€Å"The Signalman† In a Christmas carol by Charles Dickens, the four ghosts are all described differently. They all help to change scrooge into a nicer person. The ghosts all act disparately and look disparately. Scrooge has a different effect on each one of the ghosts, two of the ghosts he likes and one of the ghosts he dislikes. Scrooge is also treated dissimilar, some ghosts care for him, and others are forceful. The ghost of Marley appears first, he is described as ‘In his pigtail, usual waistcoat, tights and boots; the tassels on the latter bristling, like his pigtail, and his coat-skirts, and the hair upon his head. ‘ Marley also had a chain around his middle, which was long and wound about him like a tail. The chain was made of cash boxes, keys, padlocks, ledgers, deed and heavy purses wrought in steel. Marleys body was transparent, so Scrooge could see the 2 buttons on his coat behind. He also had a handkerchief wrapped around his head and chin which held his jaw up. The ghost of Christmas past turns up next. He is described as ‘a strange figure-like a child; yet not so like a child as like an old man, viewed through some supernatural medium. Which gave him the appearance of having receded from the view, and being diminished to a Childs proportions. ‘ The ghost’s hair hung about its neck and down its back. His hair was white, as if with age; but his face wasn’t old, and didn’t have any wrinkles in it. He had long and muscular arms, like his hands. Its legs and feet were delicately formed. The ghost wore a white tunic, and round its waist was a lustrous belt. ‘It held a branch of fresh green holly in its hand; and in singular contradiction of that wintry emblem, had its dress trimmed with summer flowers. ‘ The strangest thing about the ghost was that from the crown of its head sprang a clear jet of light, which by all was visible to see ‘ and was doubtless the occasion of its using, in its duller moments, a great extinguisher for a cap, which it now held under its arm. ‘ The next ghost was the ghost of Christmas present, he was clothed in one simple deep green robe, which was bordered with white fur. ‘This garment hung so loosely on the figure, that its capacious breast was bare, as if disdaining to be warded or concealed by any artifice. ‘ His feet was also bare, and on its head it wore no other covering than a holly wreath with shining icicles. ‘Its dark brown curls were long and free; free as its genial face, its sparkling eye. Its open hand, its cheery voice, its unconstrained demeanour, and its joyful air. ‘ Around the ghosts middle was an antique scabbard; but there wasn’t a sword in it, and the ancient sheath was eaten up with rust. The last of the ghosts to meet Scrooge was the ghost of Christmas yet to come. You couldn’t see any of its facial features because ‘it was shrouded in a deep black garment, which concealed its face, its head and its form, and left nothing of it visible, save one outstretched hand. ‘ Because of this it would have been difficult to detach its figure from the night, and separate it from the darkness by which it was surrounded. The spectre in the signalman by Charles Dickens isn’t described very well in the story, all we know is that the spectre is a man and he has a sleeve over his arm. His voice was hoarse with shouting ‘halloa, below there! ‘ In the Christmas carol, Marley is a friendly ghost and he is very nice, he enjoys being in the company of Scrooge, Scrooge says ‘you were always a good friend to me. ‘ He obviously cares about Scrooge because he wouldn’t have gone there to warn him about the three ghosts and what would happen to him if he kept hating Christmas. Marley was the only true friend Scrooge has had. The ghost of Christmas past is nice, friendly and reasonable. The ghost cared for Scrooge, he once asked him ‘what’s the matter? ‘ Even though he is nice and friendly, he forces Scrooge into seeing things that he doesn’t want to see. For example Scrooge says ‘leave me, take me back, haunt me no longer. ‘ ‘But the relentless ghost pinched him in both arms and forced him to observe what happened next. ‘ The ghost of Christmas present is a kind and jolly ghost. The ghost and Scrooge were cheerful when they visited homes. ‘The spirit stood besides sickbeds, and they were cheerful and they were patient in their greater hope, by poverty and it was rich. ‘ The ghost makes Scrooge more relaxed around him, he isn’t frightened, and he is calm in the ghost’s presence. Like the ghost of Christmas past, this spirit is also forceful and makes him see what he doesn’t want to see. The ghost of Christmas yet to come doesn’t speak at all, this ghost is the one Scrooge is scared of most. ‘Scrooge feared the silent shape so much that his legs trembled beneath him, and he found that he could hardly stand when he prepared to follow it. Scrooge is frightened of him the most because he doesn’t know what his personality is like; with the other ghosts they were kind and caring. This ghost just points to places. But when Scrooge saw his grave then he got worried and cried ‘hear me! I am not the man I was, I will not be the man I must have been but for this intercourse. Why show me this if I am past all hope? ‘ When Marley visits Scrooge, he is scared at first, because he doesn’t know who it is, until the ghost got a bit closer, Scrooge was surprised to see his old friend, when Marley walked off to the window ‘it beckoned Scrooge to approach, which he did.